86■Double consciousness, by W.E.B. Du Bois （デュボイスの二重意識）

"After the Egyptian and Indian, the Greek and Roman, the Teuton and Mongolian, the Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil, and gifted with second-sight in this American world a world which yields him no true self-consciousness, but only lets him see himself through the revelation of the other world. It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his twoness,̶an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.

「エジプト人とインド人、ギリシャ 人とローマ人、チュートン人とモンゴール人につ づいて、黒人は、このアメリカの世界に、ヴェールを背負い、未来を見とお す目をもって生まれでた、いわば第七の息子であった。アメリカの世界——それは、黒人に真の自我意識をすこしも与えてはくれず、自己をもうひとつの世界 （白人世界）の啓示を通してのみ見ることを許してくれる世界である。この二重意識、このたえず自己を他者の目によってみるという感覚、軽蔑と憐びんを楽し みながら傍観者として眺めているもう一つの世界の巻尺で自己の魂をはかっている感覚、このような感覚は、一種特殊なものである。彼はいつでも自己の二重性 を感じている。——アメリカ人であることと黒人であること。二つの魂、二つの思想、二つの調和することのなき向上への努力、そして一つの黒い身体のなかで たたかっている二つの理想。しかも、その身体を解体から防いでいるものは、頑健な体力だけなのである」W.E.B. デュボイス『黒人のたましい』木島始, 鮫島重俊, 黄寅秀訳、岩波文庫、Pp.15-16、岩波書店。

 “It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness, an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.

The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife- this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. In this merging he wishes neither of the older selves to be lost. He does not wish to Africanize America, for America has too much to teach the world and Africa. He wouldn’t bleach his Negro blood in a flood of white Americanism, for he knows that Negro blood has a message for the world. He simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American without being cursed and spit upon by his fellows, without having the doors of opportunity closed roughly in his face”

Du Bois, W. E. B. (1903). The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Dover Publications.

William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." Du Bois, 1868-1963