FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE TO HER NURSES. Pp. 23-54, London:MACMILLAN, 1914

II

May 23, 1873.

MY DEAR FRIENDS, Another year has passed over us. Nearly though not quite all of us who were here at this time last year have gone their several ways, to their several posts ; some at St. Thomas', some to Edinburgh, some to Highgate. Nearly all are, I am thankful to say, well, and I hope we may say happy. Some are gone altogether.

May this year have set us all one step farther, one year on our way to becoming " perfect as our Father in Heaven is perfect," as it ought to have done.

Some differences have been made in the School by our good Matron, who toils for us early and late to bring us on the way, we hope, towards becoming " perfect."

These differences I leave it to you to say, improvements are as you see : our new Medical Instructor having vigorously taken us in hand and giving us his invaluable teaching (1) in Medical and Surgical Nursing, (2) in the elements of Anatomy. I need not say : Let us profit.

Next, in order to give more time and leisure to less tired bodies, the Special Probationers have two afternoons in the week off duty for the course of reading which our able Medical Instructor has laid down. And the Nurse-Probationers have all one morning and one afternoon in the week to improve themselves, in which our kind Home Sister assists them by classes. And, again, I need not say how important it is to take the utmost advantage of this. Do not let the world move on and leave us in the wrong. Now that, by the law of the land, every child between five and thirteen must be at school, it will be a poor tale, indeed, in their after life for Nurses who cannot read, write, spell, and cypher well and correctly, and read aloud easily, and take notes of the temperature of cases, and the like. Only this last week, I was told by one of our own Matrons of an excellent Nurse of her own to whom she would have given a good place, only that she could neither read nor write well enough for it.

And may I tell you, not for envy, but for a generous rivalry, that you will have to work hard if you wish St. Thomas' Training School to hold its own with other Schools rising up.

Let us be on our guard against the danger, not exactly of thinking too well of ourselves (for no one consciously does this), but of isolating our- selves, of falling into party spirit always remembering that, if we can do any good to others, we must draw others to us by the influence of our characters, and not by any profession of what we are least of all, by a profession of Religion.

And this, by the way, applies peculiarly to what we are with our patients. Least of all should a woman try to exercise religious influence with her patients, as it were, by a ministry, a chaplaincy. We are not chaplains. It is what she is in herself, and what comes out of herself, out of what she is that exercise a moral or religious influence over her patients. No set form of words is of any use. And patients are so quick to see whether a Nurse is consistent always in herself whether she is what she says to them. And if she is not, it is no use. If she is, of how much use, unawares to herself, may the simplest word of soothing, of comfort, or even of reproof especially in the quiet night be to the roughest patient, who is there from drink, or to the still innocent child, or to the anxious toil-worn mother or husband ! But if she wishes to do this, she must keep up a sort of divine calm and high sense of duty in her own mind. Christ was alone, from time to time, in the wilderness or on mountains. If He needed this, how much more must we ?

Quiet in our own rooms (and a room of your own is specially provided for each one here) ; a few minutes of calm thought to offer up the day to God : how indispensable it is, in this ever in- creasing hurry of life ! When we live " so fast," do we not require a breathing time, a moment or two daily, to think where we are going ? At this time, especially, when we are laying the foundation of our after life, in reality the most important time of all.

And I am not at all saying that our patients have everything to learn from us. On the contrary, we can, many a time, learn from them, in patience, in true religious feeling and hope. One of our Sisters told me that she had often learnt more from her patients than from any one else. And I am sure I can say the same for myself. The poorest, the meanest, the humblest patient may enter into the kingdom of Heaven before the cleverest of us, or the most conceited. For, in another world, many, many of the conditions of this world must be changed. Do we think of this ?

We have been, almost all of us, taught to pray in the days of our childhood. Is there not some- thing sad and strange in our throwing this aside when most required by us, on the threshold of our active lives? Life is a shallow thing, and more especially Hospital life, without any depth of religion. For it is a matter of simple experience that the best things, the things which seem as if they most would make us feel, become the most harden- ing if not rightly used.

And may I say a thing from my own experience ? No training is of any use, unless one can learn (i) to feel, and (2) to think out things for oneself. And if we have not true religious feeling and purpose, Hospital life the highest of all things with these without them becomes a mere routine and bustle, and a very hardening routine and bustle.

One of our past Probationers said : " Our work must be the first thing, but God must be in it." " And He is not in it," she added. But let us hope that this is not so. I am sure it was not so with her. Let us try to make it not so with any of us.

There are three things which one must have to prevent this degeneration in oneself. And let each one of us, from time to time, tell, not any one else, but herself, whether she has these less or more than when she began her training here.

One is the real, deep, religious feeling and strong, personal, motherly interest for each one of our patients. And you can see this motherly interest in girls of twenty-one we have had Sisters of not more than that age who had it and not see it in women of forty.

The second is a strong practical (intellectual, if you will) interest in the case, how it is going on. This is what makes the true Nurse. Otherwise the patients might as well be pieces of furniture, and we the housemaids, unless we see how interest- ing a thing Nursing is. This is what makes us urge you to begin to observe the very first case you see.

The third is the pleasures of administration, which, though a fine word, means only learning to manage a Ward well : to keep it fresh, clean, tidy ; to keep up its good order, punctuality ; to report your cases with absolute accuracy to the Surgeon or Physician, and first to report them to the Sister ; and to do all that is contained in the one word, Ward-management : to keep wine-lists, diet-lists, washing-lists that is Sister's work and to do all the things no less important which constitute Nurse's work.

But it would take a whole book for me to count up these ; and I am going back to the first thing that we were saying : without deep religious purpose how shallow a thing is Hospital life, which is, or ought to be, the most inspiring ! For, as years go on, we shall have others to train ; and find that the springs of religion are dried up within ourselves. The patients we shall always have with us while we are Nurses. And we shall find that we have no religious gift or influence with them, no word in season, whether for those who are to live, or for those who are to die, no, not even when they are in their last hours, and perhaps no one by but us to speak a word to point them to the Eternal Father and Saviour ; not even for a poor little dying child who cries : " Nursey, tell me, oh, why is it so dark ? " Then we may feel painfully about them what we do not at present feel about ourselves. We may wish, both for our patients and Probationers, that they had the restraints of the " fear " of the most Holy God, to enable them to resist the temptation. We may regret that our own Probationers seem so worldly and external. And we may perceive too late that the deficiency in their characters began in our own.

For, to all good women, life is a prayer ; and though we pray in our own rooms, in the Wards and at Church, the end must not be confounded with the means. We are the more bound to watch strictly over ourselves ; we have not less but more need of a high standard of duty and of life in our Nursing ; we must teach ourselves humility and modesty by becoming more aware of our own weak- ness and narrowness, and liability to mistake as Nurses and as Christians. Mere worldly success to any nobler, higher mind is not worth having. Do you think Agnes Jones, or some who are now living amongst us, cared much about worldly success ? They cared about efficiency, thorough- ness. But that is a different thing.

We must condemn many of our own tempers when we calmly review them. We must lament over training opportunities which we have lost, must desire to become better women, better Nurses. That we all of us must feel. And then, and not till then, will life and work among the sick become a prayer.

For prayer is communion or co-operation with God : the expression of a life among his poor and sick and erring ones. But when we speak with God, our power of addressing Him, of holding communion with Him, and listening to His still small voice, depends upon our will being one and the same with His. Is He our God, as He was Christ's ? To Christ He was all, to us He seems sometimes nothing. Can we retire to rest after our busy, anxious day in the Wards, with the feeling : "Lord, into Thy hands I commend my spirit," and those of such and such anxious cases ; remembering, too, that in the darkness, " Thou God seest me," and seest them too ? Can we rise in the morning, almost with a feeling of joy that we are spared another day to do Him service with His sick ?

Awake, my soul, and with the sun, Thy daily stage of duty run.

Does the thought ever occur to us in the course of the day, that we will correct that particular fault of mind, or heart, or temper, whether slowness, or bustle, or want of accuracy or method, or harsh judgments, or want of loyalty to those under whom or among whom we are placed, or sharp talking, or tale-bearing or gossiping oh, how common, and how old a fault, as old as Solomon ! " He that repeateth a matter, separateth friends ; " and how can people trust us unless they know that we are not tale-bearers, who will misrepresent or im- properly repeat what is said to us ? Shall we correct this, or any other fault, not with a view to our success in life, or to our own credit, but in order that we may be able to serve our Master better in the service of the sick ? Or do we ever seek to carry on the battle against light behaviour, against self-indulgence, against evil tempers (the " world," the " flesh," and the " devil "), and the temptations that beset us ; conscious that in our- selves we are weak, but that there is a strength greater than our own, " which is perfected in weakness " ? Do we think of God as the Eternal, into whose hands our patients, whom we see dying in the Wards, must resign their souls into whose hands we must resign our own when we depart hence, and ought to resign our own as entirely every morning and night of our lives here ; with whom do live the spirits of the just made perfect, with whom do really live, ought really as much to live, our spirits here, and who, in the hour of death, in the hour of life, both for our patients and ourselves, must be our trust and hope ? We would not always be thinking of death, for " we must live before we die," and life, perhaps, is as difficult as death. Yet the thought of a time when we shall have passed out of the sight and memory of men may also help us to live ; may assist us in shaking off the load of tempers, jealousies, prejudices, bitternesses, interests which weigh us down ; may teach us to rise out of this busy, bustling Hospital world, into the clearer light of God's Kingdom, of which, indeed, this Home is or might be a part, and certainly and especially this Hospital.

This is the spirit of prayer, the spirit of con- versation or communion with God, which leads us in all our Nursing silently to think of Him, and refer it to Him. When we hear in the voice of conscience His voice speaking to us ; when we are aware that He is the witness of everything we do, and say, and think, and also the source of every good thing in us ; and when we feel in our hearts the struggle against some evil temper, then God is fighting with us against envy and jealousy, against selfishness and self-indulgence, against lightness, and frivolity, and vanity, for " our better self against our worse self."

And thus, too, the friendships which have begun at this School may last through life, and be a help and strength to us. For may we not regard the opportunity given for acquiring friends as one of the uses of this place ? and Christian friendship, in uniting us to a friend, as uniting us at the same time to Christ and God ? Christ called His disciples friends, adding the reason, " because He had told them all that He had heard of the Father," just as women tell their whole mind to their friends.

But we all know that there are dangers and dis- appointments in friendships, especially in women's friendships, as well as joys and sorrows. A woman may have an honourable desire to know those who are her superiors in education, in the School, or in Nursing. Or she may allow herself to drop into the society of those beneath her, perhaps because she is more at home with them, and is proud or shy with her superiors. We do not want to be judges of our fellow-women (for who made thee to differ from another ?), but neither can we leave entirely to chance one of the greatest interests of human life.

True friendship is simple, womanly, unreserved : not weak, or silly, or fond, or noisy, or romping, or extravagant, nor yet jealous and selfish, and exacting more than woman's nature can fairly give, for there are other ties which bind women to one another besides friendship ; nor, again, intrusive into the secrets of another woman, or curious about her circumstances ; rejoicing in the presence of a friend, and not forgetting her in her absence.

Two Probationers or Nurses going together have not only a twofold, but a fourfold strength, if they learn knowledge or good from one another ; if they form the characters of one another ; if they support one another in fulfilling the duties and bearing the troubles of a Nursing life, if their friendship thus becomes fellow-service to God in their daily work. They may sometimes rejoice together over the portion of their training which has been accomplished, and take counsel about what remains to be done. They will desire to keep one another up to the mark ; not to allow idleness or eccentricity to spoil their time of training.

But some of our youthful friendships are too violent to last : they have in them something of weakness or sentimentalism ; the feeling passes away, and we become ashamed of them. Or at some critical time a friend has failed to stand by us, and then it is useless to talk of " auld lang syne." Only still let us remember that there are duties which we owe to the " extinct " friend (who perhaps on some fanciful ground has parted company from us), that we should never speak against her, or make use of our knowledge about her. For the memory of a friendship is like the memory of a dead friend, not lightly to be spoken of.

And then there is the " Christian or ideal friend- ship." What others regard as the service of the sick she may recognise as also the service of God ; what others do out of compassion for their maimed fellow-creatures she may do also for the love of Christ. Feeling that God has made her what she is, she may seek to carry on her work in the Hospital as a fellow-worker with God. Remembering that Christ died for her, she may be ready to lay down her life for her patients.

" They walked together in the house of God as friends " that is, they served God together in doing good to His sick. For if ever a place may be called the " house of God," it is a Hospital, if it be what it should be. And in old times it was called the " house " or the " hotel " of God. The greatest and oldest Central Hospital of Paris, where is the Mother-house of the principal Order of Nursing Sisters, is to this day called the Hotel Dieu, the " House of God."

There may be some amongst us who, like St. Paul, are capable of feeling a natural interest in the spiritual welfare of our fellow-probationers or, if you like the expression better, in the im- provement of their characters that they may become more such as God intended them to be in this Hospital and Home. For " Christian friend- ship is not merely the friendship of equals, but of unequals " the love of the weak and of those who can make no return, like the love of God towards the unthankful and the evil. It is not a friendship of one or two but of many. It proceeds upon a different rule : "Love your enemies." It is founded upon that charity " which is not easily offended, which beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things." Such a friendship we may be hardly able to reconcile either with our own character or with common prudence. Yet this is the " Christian ideal in the Gospel." And here and there may be found some one who has been inspired to carry out the ideal in practice.

" To live in isolation is to be weak and un- happy perhaps to be idle and selfish." There is something not quite right in a woman who shuts up her heart from other women.

This may seem to be telling you what you already know, and bidding you do what you are already doing. Well, then, shall we put the matter another way ? Make such friendships as you will look back upon with pleasure in later life, and be loyal and true to your friends, not going from one to another.

The friends thou hast, and their adoption tried, Grapple them to thy soul with hooks of steel ; But do not dull thy palm with entertainment Of each new-hatched, unfledged comrade.

And do not expect more of them than friends can give, or weary them with demands for sympathy ; and do not let the womanliness of friendship be impaired by any silliness or senti- mentalism ; or allow hearty and genial good-will to degenerate into vulgarity and noise.

And as was once truly said, friendship perhaps appears best, as it did in St. Paul, in his manner of rebuking those who had erred, " transferring their faults in a figure to Apollos and to himself." " No one knew how to speak the truth in love like him."

It has been said of Romans xii. : " What rule of manners can be better than this chapter ? " " She that giveth, let her do it with simplicity " ; that is, let us do our acts of Nursing and kind- ness as if we did not make much of them, as unto the Lord and not to men. " Like-minded one towards another"; that is, we should have the same thoughts and feelings with others. " Rejoicing with them that rejoice, and weeping with them that weep " ; going out of ourselves and entering into the thoughts of others.

And have we St. Paul's extraordinary regard for the feelings of others ? He was never too busy to think of these. " If meat make my brother to offend, I will eat no more meat while the world standeth," he says, though he well knew such scruples were really superstitions. If the spirit of these words could find a way to our women's hearts, we might be able to say, " See how these Christians (Nurses) love one another ! "

Then the courtesy we owe, one woman to another : " for the happiness and the good " of our work and our School is not simply " made up of great duties and virtues, nor the evil of the opposite." But both seem to consist also in a number of small particulars, which, small as they are, have a great effect on the tone and character of our School, introducing light or darkness into the " Home," sweetness or bitterness into our intercourse with one another.

And, as to our Wards : Christ, we may be sure, did not lose authority, or dignity and refinement, " even in the company of publicans and harlots," just as we may observe in the Wards, that there are a few of us whose very refinement makes them do the coarsest and roughest things there with simplicity. A Sister of ours once re- marked this of one of her Probationers (who was not a lady in the common sense of the word, but she was the truest gentlewoman in Christ's sense), that she was too refined (most people would have said, to do the indelicate work of the Wards, but she said) to see indelicacy in doing the nastiest thing ; and so did it all well, without thinking of herself, or that men's eyes were upon her. That is real dignity the dignity which Christ had on which no man can intrude, yet combined with the greatest gentleness and simplicity of life. And let me say a word about self-denial : because, as we all know, there can be no real Nursing without self-denial. We know the story of the Roman soldier, above fourteen hundred years ago, who, entering a town in France with his regiment, saw a sick man perishing with cold by the wayside there were no Hospitals then and, having nothing else to give, drew his sword, cut his own cloak in half, and wrapped the sick man in half his cloak.

It is said that a dream visited him, in which he found himself admitted into heaven, and Christ saying, " Martin hath clothed me with this garment": the dream, of course, being a remembrance of the verse, " When saw we thee sick or in prison, and came unto thee ? " and of the answer, " Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me." But whether the story of the dream be true or not, this Roman soldier, converted to Christianity, became afterwards one of the greatest bishops of the early ages, Martin of Tours.

We are not called upon to feed our patients with our own dinners, or to dress them with our own clothes. We are comfortable, and cannot make ourselves uncomfortable on purpose. But we can learn Sick Cookery for our Patients, we can give up spending our money in foolish dressy ways, and thus squandering what we ought to lay by for ourselves or our families.

On one of the severest winter days in the late war between France and Germany, an immense detachment, many thousands, of wretched French prisoners were passing through the poorest streets of one of the largest and poorest German towns on the way to the prisoners' camp. Every door in this poor " East End " opened ; not one remained closed ; and out of every door came a poor German woman, carrying in her hand the dinner or supper she was cooking for herself, her husband, or children ; often all she had in the house was in her hands. And this she crammed into the hands of the most sickly-looking prisoner as he passed by, often into his mouth, as he sank down exhausted in the muddy street. And the good-natured German escort, whose business it was to bring these poor French to their prison, turned away their heads, and let the women have their way, though it was late, and they were weary too. Before the prisoners had been the first hour in their prison, six had lain down in the straw and died. But how many lives had been saved that night by the timely food of these good women, giving all they had, not of their abundance, but of their poverty, God only knows, not we. This was told by an Englishman who was by and saw it ; one of our own " Aid Committee."

And at a large German station, which almost all the prisoners' trains passed through, a lady went every night during all that long, long, dreadful winter, and for the whole night, to feed, and warm, and comfort, and often to receive the last dying words of the miserable French prisoners, as they arrived in open trucks, some frozen to the bottom, some only as the dead, others to die in the station, all half -clad and starving. Some had been nine days and nights in these open trucks ; many had been twenty-four hours with- out food. Night after night as these long, terrible trainsful dragged their slow length into the station, she kneeled on its pavement, supporting the dying heads, receiving their last messages to their mothers ; pouring wine or hot milk down the throats of the sick ; dressing the frost - bitten limbs ; and, thank God, saving many. Many were carried to the prisoners' hospital in the town, of whom about two -thirds recovered. Every bit of linen she had went in this way. She herself contracted incurable ill-health during these fearful nights. But thousands were saved by her means.

She is my friend. 1 She came and saw me here after this ; and it is from her lips I heard the story. Smallpox and typhus raged among the prisoners, most of whom were quite boys. Many were wounded ; half were frost - bitten. Some- times they would snatch at all she brought ; but sometimes they would turn away their dying heads from the tempting hot wine, and gasp out, " Thank you, madam ; give it to him, who wants it more than I." Or, " I'm past help ; love to mother."

We have not to give of our own to our sick. But shall we the less give them our all that is, all our hearts and minds ? and reasonable service ?

Suppose we dedicated this " School " to Him, to the Divine Charity and Love which said, " Inasmuch as ye do it unto one of the least of these my brethren " (and He calls all our patients all of us, His brothers and sisters) u ye do it unto me " oh, what a " Kingdom of Heaven " this might be ! Then, indeed, the dream of Martin of Tours, the soldier and Missionary- Bishop, would have come true !

May I take this opportunity of saying what I think really very much concerns us ? First of all, that you have, or might have, directly and indirectly, a great deal to do with maintaining a supply of good candidates to this School. You know whether you have been happy here or not ; you know whether you have had opportunities given you here of training and self-improvement. Many, very many of our old Matrons and Nurses have told me that their time as probationers with us was " the happiest time of their lives." It might be so with all, though perhaps all do not think so now.

It is in your power to assist the School most materially in obtaining fresh and worthy recruits. There is hardly one of you who has not friends or acquaintances of her own. You ought to advertise us. We ought not to have to put one advertisement in the newspapers. If you think this is a worthy life, why do you not bring others to it ? I tried to do my part. When Agnes Jones died, though my heart was breaking, I put an article in Good Words^ such as I knew she would have wished, in all but the mention of herself; and for years her dear memory brought aspirants to the work in our Schools, or others' Schools.

To reform the Nursing of all the Hospitals and Workhouse Infirmaries in the world, and to establish District Nursing among the sick poor at home, too, as at Liverpool is this not an object most worthy of the co-operation of all civilised people ?

In the last ten years, thank God, numerous Training Schools for Nurses have grown up, resolved to unite in putting a stop to such a thing as drunken, immoral, and inefficient Nursing. But all make the same complaint ; while the outcry of " employment for women " continues, why does not this most womanly employment for all good women become more sought after? I hope to hear that my old friends in St. Thomas' have each done their part ; and 1 feel quite sure that if it is once placed before them, as a thing they ought to do, they will be found in the front.

You who are assembled in this room, and who are each connected with some circle, directly or indirectly, may do a good work for the civilisation of the Workhouses and Hospitals of the world. If you inform yourselves on the subject, and if you set yourselves to work, to deal with it, as we do with any other great evil that tortures helpless people, you will be able to act directly upon your friends outside, and ultimately get up an amount of public opinion among women capable of becoming Nurses, which will be of the greatest possible aid to our efforts in improving Hospital and Workhouse Nursing. Every one can help every one better than if she were a " newspaper," better than if she were a " public meeting." I believe that within a few years you can make it a thing that will be a disgrace to any Hospital or even Workhouse to be suspected of bad Nursing, or to any district (in towns, at any rate) not to have a good District Nurse to nurse the sick poor at home.

Those who have made the right use of all the training that came in their way in this School, if they would write to their own homes for the information of their friends outside, an immense help on its way could be given to the work we have all so much at heart. And I look upon it as a certainty that you will each be able, in one way or another, whether purposely or almost unconsciously, to take a great part in reforming the Hospital and Workhouse Nursing systems of our country, perhaps of our colonies and dependencies, and perhaps of the world.

May I pay ourselves even the least little compliment, as to our being a little less conceited than last year ? Were we not as conceited in 1872 as it was possible to be ? You shall tell. Are we, in 1873, rather less so ? And, without having any one particularly in my head for what I am going to ask is in fact a truism is not our conceit always in exact proportion to our ignorance ? For those who really know something know how little it is.

Would that this could be a " secret " among us ! But, unfortunately, is not our name " up " and " abroad " for conceit ? And has it not even been said (" tell it not in Gath ") : " And these conceited ' Nightingale ' women scarcely know how to read and write ? "

Now let no one look to see our blushes. But shall we not get rid of this which makes us ridiculous as fast as we can ?

But enough of this joke ; let us be serious, remembering that the greatest trust which is committed to any woman of us all is, herself € and that she is living in the presence of God as well as of her fellow- women.

To know whether we know our Nursing business or not is a great result of training ; and to think that we know it when we do not is a great a proof of want of training.

The world, more especially the Hospital world, is in such a hurry, is moving so fast, that it is too easy to slide into bad habits before we are aware. And it is easier still to let our year's training slip away without forming any real plan of training ourselves.

For, after all, all that any training is to do for us is : to teach us how to train ourselves, how to observe for ourselves, how to think out things for ourselves. Don't let us allow the first week, the second week, the third week to pass by I will not say in idleness, but in bustle. Begin, for instance, at once making notes of your cases. From the first moment you see a case, you can observe it. Nay, it is one of the first things a Nurse is strictly called upon to do : to observe her sick. Mr. Croft has taught you how to take notes ; and you have now, every one of you, two leisure times a week to work up your notes.

But give but one-quarter of an hour a day to jot down, even in words which no one can under- stand but yourself, the progress or change of two or three individual cases, not to forget or confuse them. You can then write them out at your two leisure times. To those who have not much education, I am sure that our kind Home Sister, or the Special Probationer in the same Ward, or nearest in any way, will give help. The race is not always to the swift, nor the battle to the strong ; and " line upon line " one line every day in the steady, observing, humble Nurse has often won the race over the smarter " genius " in what constitutes real Nursing. But few of us women seriously think of improving our own mind or character every day. And this is fatal to our improving in Nursing. We do not calculate the future by our experience of the past. What right have we to expect that, if we have not improved during the last six months, we shall during the next six ? Then, we do not allow for the changes which circumstances make in us the being put on Staff duty, when we certainly shall not have more time, but less, for improving our- selves, or the growing older or more feeble in health. We believe that we shall always have the same powers or opportunities for learning our business which we now have. Our time of training slips away in this unimproving manner. And when a woman begins to see how many things might have been better in her, she is too old to change, or it is too late, too late. And she confesses to herself, or oftener she does not confess " How all her life she had been in the wrong."

We are all of us, as we believe, passing into an unknown world, of which this is only a part. We have been here a year, or part of a year. What are we making of our own lives ? Are we where we were a year ago ? Or are we fitter for that work of after-life which we have undertaken ?

Do our faults, and weaknesses, and vanities, tend to diminish ? Or are we still listless, in- efficient, slow, bustling, conceited, unkind, hard judges of others, instead of helping them where we can ? There is no greater softener of hard judgments than is the trying to help the person whom we so judge, as I can tell from my own experience ; and in this you will tell me whether we have been deficient to each other. There is a true story told of Captain Marryat when a boy ; that he jumped overboard to save an older midshipman who had made the boy's life a misery to him by his filthy cruelties. And the boy Marryat wrote home to his mother " that he loved this midshipman now and wasn't it lucky that his life was saved even better than his own darling mother."

Do we keep before our minds constantly the sense of our duty here, of our duty to others Nurses, Sisters, Matron as well as to ourselves, our fellow Probationers, and our Home Sister, and to the whole School of which we are members ?

If we thought of this more, we might hope to attain that quiet mind and self-control, which is the " liberty " spoken of by St. Paul. We might learn how truly to use and enjoy both our fellow Probationers, and this Home and our School, if we were more anxious about following the example of Christ than about the opinion of our " world." " We are the ' world,' which we often seem to think includes every one but us."

But few comparatively have the power of dis- engaging themselves, even in thought, from those about them. They take the view of their own set. If it is the fashion to conceal, they conceal ; if to carry tales, they carry tales. There are a few who never allow themselves to speak against others, and exercise such a kind of authority as to prevent others being spoken against in their hearing. These are the " peacemakers " of whom Christ speaks. These are they who keep a Home or Institution together, and seem more than any others in this our little world to bear the image of Christ until His coming again. Do we ever do things because they are right, without regard to our own credit ? When we ask ourselves only " What is right ? " or (which is the same question), " What is the will of God ? " then we are truly entering His " kingdom." We are no longer grovelling among the opinions of men and women. We can see God in all things, and all things in God, the Eternal Father shining through the accidents of our lives which some- times shake us more, though less conspicuous, than the accidents we see brought in to our Surgical Wards the accidents of the characters of those under whom we are placed, and of our own inner life.

One of the greatest missionaries that ever was, wrote more than 300 years ago to his pupils and fellow-missionaries :

" Self-knowledge " (the knowledge by which we see ourselves in God) " self-knowledge is the nurse of confidence in God. It is from distrust of ourselves that confidence in God is born. This will be the way for us to gain that true interior lowliness of mind which, in all places, and especially here, is far more necessary than you think. I warn you also not to let the good opinion which men have of you be too much of a pleasure to you, unless perhaps in order that you may be the more ashamed of yourselves on that account. It is that which leads people to neglect themselves, and this negligence, in many cases, upsets, as by a kind of trick, all that lowliness of which I speak, and puts conceit and arrogance in its place. And thus so many do not see for a long time how much .they have lost, and gradually lose all care for piety, and all tranquillity of mind, and thus are always troubled and anxious, finding no comfort either from without or within themselves."

" Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden," says our Lord, " and I will give you rest." But He adds immediately who those are to whom He will give this " rest " or quietness of mind namely those, who, like Himself, are " meek and lowly of heart."

These words may seem in a Hospital life " like dreams." But they are not dreams if we take them for the spirit of our School and the rule of our Nursing. " To practise them, to feel them, to make them our own," this is not far from the " kingdom of Heaven " in a Hospital.

Pray for me, as I do for you, that " piety " and a " quiet mind " but these always and only in the strenuous effort to -press forwards may be ours.

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE.

Source: http://www.archive.org/stream/florencenighting00nighiala/florencenighting00nighiala_djvu.txt