"Maurice Halbwachs
(French: [mɔˈʁis ˈalbvaks]; 11 March 1877 – 16 March 1945) was a French
philosopher and sociologist known for developing the concept of
collective memory. Halbwachs also contributed to the sociology of
knowledge with his La Topographie Legendaire des Evangiles en Terre
Sainte; study of the spatial infrastructure of the New Testament.
(1951)" - Wiki)
1877 ランス生まれ。
n.d École Normale Supérieure in Paris修了 ベルクソン（Henri-Louis Bergson, 1859-1941）研究
1901 He aggregated in Philosophy
1904 He taught at various lycées before traveling to Germany in 1904, where he studied at the University of Göttingen and worked on cataloging Leibniz's papers. He was nominated to co-edit an edition of Leibniz's work which never came to fruition.
1905 He returned to France in 1905 and met Émile Durkheim, who sparked his interest in sociology. Initially, when first meeting Durkheim, Halbwachs was looking for advice on how to move from his previous focus on Philosophy to Sociology. Halbwachs also began to focus on scientific objectivism rather than his Bergsonian Individualism.
n.d He soon joined the editorial board of L'Année Sociologique, where he worked with François Simiand editing the Economics and Statistics sections. In 1909 he returned to Germany to study Marxism and economics in Berlin.
1913 『平均人の理論：ケトレおよび道徳統計学について』『労働者階級と生活水準』
1914-1918 Halbwachs worked at the War Ministry.
1918？ カーン大学文学部
1919 shortly after the end of the war, he became professor of sociology and pedagogy at the University of Strasbourg（1919-1935）.
1923 「数量的見地からみた人類」『アンシクロペディア・フランセーズ』
1924 M・フレシェとの共著『万人向けの確率論』
1925 Les cadres sociaux de la mémoire,
Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1952, originally published in
Les Travaux de L'Année Sociologique, Paris, F. Alcan, 1925（『記憶の社会的枠』）
1930
Halbwachs also wrote an
important book on suicide, Les Causes du suicide, 1930 ("The Causes of
Suicide"). In this book he followed the footsteps of his mentor Émile
Durkheim, expanding and elaborating upon the former's theories on
suicide. Specifically, he focused on ideas such as, the ways in which
rural and urban styles of life explain variations in suicide rates.
Halbwachs also continued to further Durkheim's conceptualization of how
specific family styles and religious backgrounds alter rates of
suicide.
a visiting professor at the University of Chicago, 1930.
1932 道徳政治アカデミー通信会員、国際統計学会会員
1935
He remained in this
position for over a decade, taking leave for a year as a visiting
professor at the University of Chicago, when he was called to the Sorbonne in 1935.
There he taught sociology and worked closely with Marcel Mauss and
served as the editor of Annales de Sociologie, the successor journal to
L'Année Sociologique.
1938 『社会形態学』。フランス社会学院
1939 ‘La mémoire collective chez les musiciens’, Revue philosophique, no. 3 – 4 (1939)
1940
1940s He also had a son, Pierre Halbwachs [French literary critic], who influenced Deleuze in the 1940s.
1944
In 1944 he received one of France's highest honors, a chair at the Collège de France in Social Psychology. During this time, Halbwachs dedicated his time to in-depth research in the field where sociology and psychology overlap. A longtime socialist, Halbwachs was detained by the Gestapo in Paris in July, 1944[3] after protesting the arrest of his Jewish father-in-law.He was deported to the concentration camp,[3] Buchenwald, where he died of dysentery in February[3] 1945（※ミッシェル・アレクサンドルによると5月）
1945 Halbwachs' brother in-law, Georges Basch committed suicide. His parents in-law Victor and Mme Basch aged 84 years old at the time were murdered by Germans.
1950 La Mémoire collective, 1950, Paris : Presses universitaires de France , 1950.
Halbwachs' most important contribution to the field of sociology came in his book La Mémoire collective, 1950 ("The Collective Memory"), in which he advanced the thesis that a society can have a collective memory and that this memory is dependent upon the "cadre" or framework within which a group is situated in a society. Thus, there is not only an individual memory, but also a group memory that exists outside of and lives beyond the individual. Consequently, an individual's understanding of the past is strongly linked to this group consciousness. This idea of memory Halbwachs pursued to prove through peoples expression of commemoration in our culture. Commemoration offers collective memory tie to society and its conceptions where physical monuments and rituals fix and affirm collectivity. Halbwachs Collective Memory includes two laws governing how this form of memory will evolve. The two laws are called a Law of Fragmentation, and a Law of Concentration.
1968 La Mémoire
Collective / Maurice Halbwachs ; préface de Jean Duvignaud ;
Introduction de J. Michel Alexandre, 2. éd. rev. et augm. - Paris :
Presses Universitaires de France , 1968.
1982 Halbwachs, Maurice, The collective memory, New York, Harper & Row Colophon Books, 1980, 182 pages
1992 Halbwachs, Maurice, On collective memory, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1992
●『集合的記憶』
１．集合的記憶と個人的記憶
２．集合的記憶と歴史的記憶
３．集合的記憶と時間
４．集合的記憶と空間
附録：集合的記憶と音楽家
●'cause we're living in Newtonian duration time and I am Newtonian girl, cannot experience in Bergsonian duration. - An Introduction to Cybernetics, Ch.1
リンク
- ︎Maurice Halbwachs▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎
文献
- 集合的記憶 / M.アルヴァックス [著] ; 小関藤一郎訳、行路社 , 1989年／Halbwachs, Maurice, The collective memory, New York, Harper & Row Colophon Books, 1980, 182 pages／La Mémoire collective, 1950, Paris : Presses universitaires de France , 1950.
その他の情報
Copyleft, CC, Mitzub'ixi Quq Chi'j, 1996-2099
