マイヤー・フォーテス
Meyer Fortes, 1906-1983
Source: https://alchetron.com/Meyer-Fortes-1345188-W
解説:池田光穂
Meyer Fortes
FBA FRAI (25 April 1906 – 27 January 1983) was a South African-born
anthropologist, best known for his work among the Tallensi and Ashanti
in Ghana. Originally trained in psychology, Fortes employed the notion of the "person" into his structural-functional analyses of kinship, the family, and ancestor worship setting a standard for studies on African social organization. His celebrated book, Oedipus and Job in West African Religion (1959), fused his two interests and set a standard for comparative ethnology. He also wrote extensively on issues of the first born, kingship, and divination. |
マイヤー・フォーテス(Meyer Fortes FBA FRAI、1906年4月25日-1983年1月27日)は南アフリカ生まれの人類学者で、ガーナのタレンシ族とアシャンティ族での研究でよく知られている。 もともと心理学の訓練を受けたフォーテスは、親族関係、家族、祖先崇拝に関する彼の構造的機能的分析に「人」という概念を用い、アフリカの社会組織に関す る研究の基準を確立した。彼の有名な著書『西アフリカの宗教におけるオイディプスとヨブ』(1959年)は、彼の2つの関心を融合させ、比較民族学の基準 を打ち立てた。彼はまた、長子、王権、占いの問題についても幅広く執筆した。 |
Life Fortes received his anthropological training from Charles Gabriel Seligman at the London School of Economics. Fortes also trained with Bronisław Malinowski and Raymond Firth. Along with contemporaries A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, Sir Edmund Leach, Audrey Richards, and Lucy Mair, Fortes held strong functionalist views that insisted upon empirical evidence in order to generate analyses of society. His volume with E. E. Evans-Pritchard, African Political Systems (1940) established the principles of segmentation and balanced opposition, which were to become the hallmarks of African political anthropology. Despite his work in Francophone West Africa, Fortes' work on political systems was influential to other British anthropologists, especially Max Gluckman and played a role in shaping what became known as the Manchester school of social anthropology, which emphasized the problems of working in colonial Central Africa. Fortes spent much of his career as a Reader at the University of Cambridge and was the William Wyse Professor of Social Anthropology there from 1950–1973. In 1963, Fortes delivered the inaugural Lewis Henry Morgan Lecture at the University of Rochester, considered by many to be the most important annual lecture series in the field of Anthropology.[1] Fortes was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1964,[2] was President of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland from 1965–67 and recipient of the Institute's highest honour, the Huxley Memorial Medal in 1977. He was also an elected member of the American Philosophical Society.[3] |
人生 フォーテスはロンドン・スクール・オブ・エコノミクスのチャールズ・ガブリエル・セリグマンから人類学の訓練を受けた。また、ブロニスワフ・マリノフスキ やレイモンド・ファースにも師事した。フォーテスは、同時代のA.R.ラドクリフ=ブラウン、エドモンド・リーチ卿、オードリー・リチャーズ、ルーシー・ メアらとともに、社会の分析を行うために経験的証拠を重視する機能主義的な考えを強く持っていた。E.E.エヴァンス=プリチャードとの共著『アフリカ政 治システム』(1940年)は、後にアフリカ政治人類学の特徴となる区分と均衡対立の原則を確立した。フランス語圏の西アフリカでの研究にもかかわらず、 フォーテスの政治システムに関する研究は、他のイギリスの人類学者、特にマックス・グラックマンに影響を与え、植民地時代の中央アフリカでの研究の問題を 重視したマンチェスター学派として知られる社会人類学の形成に一役買った。 フォーテスはキャリアの大半をケンブリッジ大学のリーダーとして過ごし、1950年から1973年まで同大学のウィリアム・ワイス社会人類学教授を務めた。 1963年、フォーテスはロチェスター大学でルイス・ヘンリー・モーガン講演会を開催し、この講演会は人類学分野で最も重要な年次講演会シリーズであると多くの人に考えられている[1]。 フォーテスは1964年にアメリカ芸術科学アカデミーに選出され[2]、1965年から67年までグレート・ブリテン・アイルランド王立人類学研究所 (Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland)の会長を務め、1977年には同研究所最高の栄誉であるハクスリー記念メダルを受賞した。また、アメリカ哲学協会の会員にも選ばれている [3]。 |
Holodomor testimony Meyer Fortes corresponded with his close friend Jerry Berman, who in the early 1930s worked in the USSR as a civil engineer and documented the famine in his private letters. In 2021, the granddaughter of Fortes donated these letters to the National Museum of the Holodomor-Genocide in Kyiv.[4][5][6] |
ホロドモールの証言 マイヤー・フォーテスは、1930年代初頭に土木技師としてソ連で働いていた親友のジェリー・バーマンと文通し、私信で飢饉を記録した。2021年、フォーテスの孫娘がこれらの手紙をキエフのホロドモール=ジェノサイド国立博物館に寄贈した[4][5][6]。 |
Selected bibliography 1940. African Political Systems (editor, with E. E. Evans-Pritchard). London and New York: International African Institute. 1945. The Dynamics of Clanship among the Tallensi. 1949. The Web of Kinship among the Tallensi. 1959. Oedipus and Job in West African Religion. 1969. Kinship and the Social Order. 1970. Time and Social Structure. 1970. Social Structure (editor). 1983. Rules and the Emergence of Society. |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyer_Fortes |
英国の社会人類学者(Meyer Fortes, 1906-1983)。
1906 4月25日南アフリカのブリッツタウン(Britstown)生まれ。
1926 ケープタウン大学大学院で修士号
1930 ロンドン大学院で、マリノフスキーの指導のもとで、Ph.Dを取得
1932 The gestalt theory and the problem of configuration / by
Bruno Peterma nn ; [translated by Meyer Fortes]. -- Routledge &
Kegan Paul, 1932
1940 African political systems / edited by M. Fortes and E.E. Evans-Pritchard, London ; New York : Published for the International African Institute by the Oxford University Press , 1940
1945 The Dynamics of Clanship among the Tallensi : being the
first Part of an Analysis of the social Structure of a Trans-Volta
Tribe. Publish ed for the International African Institute / Meyer
Fortes. -- Oxford U niv. Press, 1945
1946-1950 オックスフォード大学で社会人類学講師(reader:我が国の准教授に相当)
1949 Social structure : studies presented to A. R. Radcliffe-Brown / ed. by Meyer Fortes. -- Clarendon Press, 1949
1949 The web of kinship among the Tallensi : the second part of
an analysis of the social structure of a Trans-Volta tribe / Meyer
Fortes. -- pub lished for the International African Institute by the
Oxford Universit y Press, 1949
1950-1973 ケンブリッジ大学ウィリアム・ワイス[記念]教授(社会人類学)
1953 Social anthropology at Cambridge since 1900 / an inaugural lecture by M. Fortes. -- Cambridge University Press, 1953
1956 The Negro family in British Guiana : family structure and
social statu s in the villages / by Raymond T. Smith ; with foreword by
Meyer Forte s. -- Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956. -- (International
library of socio logy and social reconstruction)
1957 The theory of social structure / by S.F. Nadel ; with a
memoir by Meye r Fortes. -- Cohen & West, 1957
1959 Oedipus and Job in West African religion / Meyer Fortes. --
Cambridge University Press, 1959
1960 African systems of thought : studies presented and discussed at the Th ird International African Seminar in Salisbury, December 1960 / prefac e by M. Fortes and G. Dieterlen. -- Published for International Africa n Institute by Oxford University Press, 1965
1962 Marriage in tribal societies / Meyer Fortes. -- Published
for the Depa rtment of Archaeology and Anthropology at the Cambridge
U.P, 1962. -- (Cambridge papers in social anthropology ; 3)
1963 Kinship and the social order : the legacy of Lewis Henry
Morgan / Meye r Fortes. -- Routledge & K. Paul, 1970. -- (The Lewis
Henry Morgan lec tures ; 1963)
1968 Family and colour in Jamaica / Fernando Henriques ; with a
preface by Meyer Fortes. -- 2nd ed. -- Macgibbon & Kee, 1968
1969 Culture and human fertility : a study of the relation of cultural c onditions to fertility in non-industrial and transitional societies / With special contributions by Meyer Fortes [and others] Foreword by Fr ank W. Notestein. -- Greenwood Press, 1969. -- (Population and culture ; 1)
1970 Time and social structure and other essays / Meyer Fortes. -- The Athl one Press, 1970. -- (London School of Economics monographs on social a nthropology ; No. 40)
1972 アフリカの伝統的政治体系 / フォーテス, エヴァンス=プリッチャード編 ; 大森元吉[ほか]訳. -- みすず書房,
1972
1975 Colonialism and change : essays presented to Lucy Mair / edited (with introduction) by Maxwell Owusu ; foreword by Meyer Fortes. -- Mouton, 1975. -- (Studies in anthropology ; 4)
1975 Studies in African social anthropology / edited by Meyer
Fortes and Sh eila Patterson. -- Academic Press, 1975
1980 Sacrifice / edited by M.F.C. Bourdillon, Meyer Fortes. -- Published by Academic Press for the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Brita in and Ireland, 1980
1980 Soviet and Western anthropology / edited by Ernest Gellner ; with a n introduction by Meyer Fortes. -- Duckworth, 1980
1980 祖先崇拝の論理 / マイヤー・フォーテス著 ; 田中真砂子編訳. -- ぺりかん 社, 1980
1983 1月27日ケンブリッジで死亡(享年76歳)
1983 Rules and the emergence of society / by Meyer Fortes ;
pbk.. -- Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland,
1983. -- (Occa sional papers / Royal Anthropological Institute ; no. 39)
1987 Religion, morality and the person : essays on Tallensi
religion / Meye r Fortes ; edited and with an introduction by Jack
Goody. -- Cambridge University Press, 1987. -- (Essays in social
anthropology)
■マイヤー・フォーテス著作リスト(作成中)
1.African political systems / ed. by Meyer Fortes & E. E. Evans-Pritc hard. -- Oxford University Press, 1940
2. ***African political systems / ed. by Meyer Fortes & Edeard Evan Evans -Pritchard. -- Oxford Univ. Press, 1963
3. ***African political systems / edited by M. Fortes and E. E. Evans-Pri tchard. -- Oxford Univ. Press, 1975. -- (Oxford paperbacks ; 199)
4. African political systems / edited by M. Fortes and E.E. Evans-Pritcha rd ; : pbk.. -- KPI in association with the International African Inst itute, 1987
5. African political systems / edited by M. Fortes and E.E. Evans-Pritcha rd. -- Published for the International African Institute by Oxford U. P., 1970
6. African political systems / edited by M. Fortes and E.E. Evans-Pritcha rd. -- Published for the International African Institute by the Oxford University Press, 1940
7. African political systems / edited by M. Fortes and E.E. Evans-Pritcha rd. -- Published for the International Institute of African Languages & Cultures by the Oxford University Press, 1940
8. African systems of thought : studies presented and discussed at the Th ird International African Seminar in Salisbury, December 1960 / prefac e by M. Fortes and G. Dieterlen. -- Published for International Africa n Institute by Oxford University Press, 1965
9. African systems of thought : studies presented and discussed at the Th ird International African Seminar in Salisbury, December 1960 / prefac e by M. Fortes and G. Dieterlen. -- reprint. -- Oxford University Pres s, 1966
10. Colonialism and change : essays presented to Lucy Mair / edited (with introduction) by Maxwell Owusu ; foreword by Meyer Fortes. -- Mouton, 1975. -- (Studies in anthropology ; 4)
11. Culture and human fertility : a study of the relation of cultural c onditions to fertility in non-industrial and transitional societies / With special contributions by Meyer Fortes [and others] Foreword by Fr ank W. Notestein. -- Greenwood Press, 1969. -- (Population and culture ; 1)
12. Culture and human fertility : a study of the relation of cultural cond itions to fertility in non-industrial and transitional societies / by Frank Lorimer ; with special contributions by Meyer Fortes ... [et al. ] ; foreword by Frank W. Notestein. -- Greenwood Press, 1969. -- (Popu lation and culture ; 1)
13. Culture and human fertility : a study of the relation of cultural cond itions to fertility in non-industrial and transitional societies / by Frank Lorimer ; with special contributions by Meyer Fortes ... [et al. ] ; foreword by Frank W. Notestein. -- Unesco, 1954. -- (Population an d culture)
14. Family and colour in Jamaica / Fernando Henriques ; with a preface by Meyer Fortes. -- 2nd ed. -- Macgibbon & Kee, 1968
15. Family and colour in Jamaica / by Fernando Henriques ; with a preface by Meyer Fortes. -- Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1953
16. Institutionen in primitiven Gesellschaften / Vortrage von R. Firth ... [et al.] ; [aus dem Englischen ubersetzt von Michael Barmann]. -- Suh rkamp Verlag, 1967. -- (Edition Suhrkamp ; 195)
17. Kinship and the social order : the legacy of Lewis Henry Morgan / Meye r Fortes. -- Routledge & K. Paul, 1970. -- (The Lewis Henry Morgan lec tures ; 1963)
18. ***Kinship and the social order : the legacy of Lewis Henry Morgan / M eyer Fortes. -- Aldine Pub., 1969. -- (The Lewis Henry Morgan lictures ; 1963)
19. Kinship and the social order : the legacy of Lewis Henry Morgan / Meye r Fortes. -- Aldine, 1969. -- (The Lewis Henry Morgan lectures ; 1963)
20. Marriage in tribal societies / Meyer Fortes. -- Published for the Depa rtment of Archaeology and Anthropology at the Cambridge U.P, 1962. -- (Cambridge papers in social anthropology ; 3)
21. Marriage in tribal societies / edited by Meyer Fortes. -- Cambridge Un iversity Press, 1972. -- (Cambridge papers in social anthropology ; no . 3)
22. ***Oedipus and Job in West African religion / Meyer Fortes ; with an e ssay by Robin Horton ; pbk.. -- Cambridge University Press, 1983. -- ( Cambridge studies in social anthropology ; no. 48)
23. Oedipus and Job in West African religion / Meyer Fortes ; with an essa y by Robin Horton ; : pbk.. -- Cambridge University Press, 1983. -- (C ambridge studies in social anthropology ; no. 48)
24. Oedipus and Job in West African religion / Meyer Fortes. -- Cambridge University Press, 1959
25. Oedipus and Job in West African religion / Meyer Fortes. -- University Microfilms International, 1959
26. Religion, morality and the person : essays on Tallensi religion / Meye r Fortes ; edited and with an introduction by Jack Goody. -- Cambridge University Press, 1987. -- (Essays in social anthropology)
27. Rules and the emergence of society / by Meyer Fortes ; pbk.. -- Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 1983. -- (Occa sional papers / Royal Anthropological Institute ; no. 39)
28. Sacrifice / edited by M.F.C. Bourdillon, Meyer Fortes. -- Published by Academic Press for the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Brita in and Ireland, 1980
29. Social anthropology at Cambridge since 1900 / an inaugural lecture by M. Fortes. -- Cambridge University Press, 1953
30. Social structure : studies presented to A. R. Radcliffe-Brown / ed. by Meyer Fortes. -- Clarendon Press, 1949
31. Social structure : studies presented to A.R. Radcliffe-Brown / edited by Meyer Fortes. -- Russell & Russell, 1963
32. ***Soviet and Western anthropology / edited by Ernest Gellner ; with a n introduction by Meyer Fortes. -- Duckworth, 1980
33. Soviet and Western anthropology / edited by Ernest Gellner ; with an i ntroduction by Meyer Fortes. -- Duckworth, 1980
34. Soviet and western anthropology / edited by Ernest Gellner ; with an i ntrod. by Meyer Fortes. -- Columbia University Press, 1980
35. Studies in African social anthropology / edited by Meyer Fortes and Sh eila Patterson. -- Academic Press, 1975
36. The Dynamics of Clanship among the Tallensi : being the first Part of an Analysis of the social Structure of a Trans-Volta Tribe. Publish ed for the International African Institute / Meyer Fortes. -- Oxford U niv. Press, 1945
39. The dynamics of clanship among the Tallensi : being the first part of an analysis of the social structure of a Trans-Volta tribe / by Meyer Fortes. -- Published for the International African Institute by the Ox ford University Press, 1945
40. The dynamics of clanship among the Tallensi, being the first part of a n analysis of the social structure of a Trans-Volta tribe. -- Anthropo logical Publications, 1967
37. The Negro family in British Guiana : family structure and social statu s in the villages / by Raymond T. Smith ; with foreword by Meyer Forte s. -- Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956. -- (International library of socio logy and social reconstruction)
38. The character of kinship / edited by Jack Goody. -- Cambridge Universi ty Press, 1973
41. The gestalt theory and the problem of configuration / by Bruno Peterma nn ; [translated by Meyer Fortes]. -- Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1932. -- (International library of psychology, philosophy and scientific metho d)
42. The gestalt theory and the problem of configuration / by Bruno Peterma nn ; [translated by Meyer Fortes]. -- K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1932. -- (International library of psychology, philosophy and scientific met hod)
43. The gestalt theory and the problem of configuration / by Bruno Peterma nn ; [translated by Meyer Fortes]. -- Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1950. -- (International library of psychology, philosophy and scientific metho d)
44. The theory of social structure / S. F. Nadel ; with a memoir by Meyer Fortes. -- Cohen & West Lrd., 1969
45. The theory of social structure / by S.F. Nadel ; with a memoir by Meye r Fortes. -- Cohen & West, 1957
46. The theory of social structure / by S.F. Nadel ; with a memoir by Meye r Fortes. -- Free Press, 1957
47. The theory of social structure / by S.F. Nadel ; with a memoir by Meye r Fortes. -- Melbourne University Press, in association with Australia n National University, 1957
48. ***The theory of social structure / by Siegfried Frederick Nadel ; Wit h a memoir by Meyer Fortes. -- Cohen & West, 1965
49. The web of kinship among the Tallensi : the second part of an analysis of the social structure of a Trans-Volta tribe / Meyer Fortes. -- pub lished for the International African Institute by the Oxford Universit y Press, 1949
50. The web of kinship among the Tallensi : the second part of an analysis of the social structure of a Trans-Volta tribe / by Meyer Fortes. -- Anthropological Publications, 1969
51. ***The web of kinship among the Tallensi :the second part of an analys is of the social structure of a Trans-Volta Tribe /Meyer Fortes. -- Ox ford Univ. Press, 1949
52. Time and social structure and other essays / Meyer Fortes. -- The Athl one Press, 1970. -- (London School of Economics monographs on social a nthropology ; No. 40)
53. ***Time and social structure and other essays. -- University of London , Athlone Press, 1970. -- (Monographs on social anthropology ; no. 40)
54. Time and social structure, and other essays / by Meyer Fortes ; : us, : uk. -- University of London, Athlone Press, 1970. -- (London School of Economics monographs on social anthropology ; no. 40)
55. アフリカの伝統的政治体系 / フォーテス, エヴァンス=プリッチャード編 ; 大森元吉[ほか]訳. -- みすず書房, 1972
56. 祖先崇拝の論理 / マイヤー・フォーテス著 ; 田中真砂子編訳. -- ぺりかん 社, 1980