保守主義の古典的代表格は、エドマンド・バーク（Edmund Burke, 1729-1797）とアレクシス・ド・トクヴィル（Alexis de Tocqueville, 1805-1859）であろう。
さて、保守思想が生まれてくる背景には、それに先行 する自由主義（リベラリズム）の思想が欠かせない。そして、若干矛盾したり、権力的にトレードオフの関係にあるのだが、（社会契約にもとづき）個人の自由 を保証するためには、個人の関係をもつ社会や国家は、できる限り個人の自由を保証すべく義務と責任を負う存在でなければならない。
"Liberal
conservatism is a political ideology combining conservative
policies with liberal stances, especially on economic, social and
ethical issues,[1] representing a
brand of political conservatism strongly influenced by liberalism.
Liberal conservatism incorporates the classical-liberal view of minimal
government intervention in the economy, according to which individuals
should be free to participate in the market and generate wealth without
government interference.[2] However, liberal
conservatism also holds that individuals cannot be thoroughly depended
on to act responsibly in other spheres of life, therefore liberal
conservatives believe that a strong state is necessary to ensure law
and order and social institutions are needed to nurture a sense of duty
and responsibility to the nation.[2] They also support civil
liberties, along with some socially conservative positions.
In Europe, liberal conservatism is the dominant form of contemporary
conservatism and centre-right politics." - Liberal
conservatism .
この２人に先行する保守思想の人物も含めて、ウィキ ペディア（Classical conservatism and economic liberalism）を引用する。
"Historically,
conservatism in the 18th and 19th centuries comprised a set of
principles based on concern for established tradition, respect for
authority and religious values. This form of traditionalist or
classical conservatism is often considered to be exemplified by the
writings of Joseph de Maistre (1753-1821) in
the post-Enlightenment age. Contemporaneous liberalism, now recalled as
classical liberalism, advocated
both political freedom for individuals and a free market in the
economic sphere. Ideas of this sort were promulgated by John Locke, Montesquieu, Adam Smith, Jeremy
Bentham and John Stuart Mill, who are respectively remembered as
the fathers of liberalism,
including economic liberalism,
the separation of church and state, social liberalism and
utilitarianism. / According to scholar Andrew
Vincent, the maxim of liberal
conservatism is "economics is prior to politics".[11] Others
emphasize the openness of historical change and a suspicion of
tyrannical majorities behind the hailing of individual liberties and traditional
virtues by authors such as Edmund Burke and Alexis de Tocqueville[12]
as the basis of current liberal conservatism which can be seen both in
the works of Raymond Aron (1905-1983) and Michael
Oakeshott (1901-1990). However, there is general agreement that the
original liberal conservatives were those who combined conservative
social attitudes with an economically liberal outlook, adapting a
previous aristocratic understanding of natural inequalities between men
to the rule of meritocracy, without directly criticizing privileges of
birth as long as individual liberties were guaranteed. Over time, the
majority of conservatives in the Western world came to adopt free
market economic ideas as the Industrial Revolution progressed and the
aristocracy lost its power, to the extent that such ideas are now
generally considered as part of conservatism. Nonetheless, the term
liberal is used in most countries to describe those with free-market
economic views. This is the case in continental Europe,[13]
Australia[14] and Latin America.[15] " - Classical
conservatism and economic liberalism.
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