●挑戦的萌芽研究「感性のエ
スノグラフィー」第 5 回研究会 2023.03.30
「有名な歴史学者ウィリアム・H・マクニールは、著者『みんなで拍子を合わせる』の中で、整
えられたリズミカルな⾏動は社会生活の根本にかかわるものだと主張している。⾳楽に合わせてともに踊り、軍事訓練でともに⾏進することで、⼈は互いに結び
つき、⼀つの集団になる。マクニールの⾒⽅によれば、⼈間社会はそうした⾏動なしでは成⽴しない。⾳楽と踊りは単に体⼒を消耗するだけの贅沢な⾏動ではな
く、あらゆる面から⾒て⼈間社会の⼟台をなしている。たとえば狩猟や子育てと同じように根源的なもので、ただやり⽅が違うだけなのだ」。——ウィリアム・
ベンゾン『⾳楽する脳』西田美緒子訳、15-16 ページ、角川書店、2005 年
Since muscular bonding through dance and
song was an important cement for human communities in times past, our
contemporary neglect of these forms of sociality appears to be aberrant
from the human norm. Perhaps, indeed, it will not long endure. Human
beings desperately need to belong to communities that give guidance and
meaning to their lives; and moving rhythmically while giving voice
together is the surest, most speedy, and efficacious way of creating
and sustaining such communities that our species has ever hit upon.
Words and ideals matter and are always invoked; but keeping together in
time arouses warm emotions of collective solidarity and erases personal
frustrations as words, by themselves, cannot do. Large and complex
human societies, in all probability, cannot long maintain themselves
without such kinesthetic undergirding. Ideas and ideals are not enough.
Feelings, matter too, and feelings are inseparable from their gestural
and muscular expression. (McNeill 1995:152)
- William H. McNeill (1995). Keeping
Together in Time: Dance and Drill in Human History. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press.
「ダンスや歌を通じた筋⾁の
絆は、かつての⼈類の共同体にとって重要な要素であったのに、現代の私たちがこうした社会性を軽視するのは、⼈類の常識から逸脱しているように思われる。
（しかし）それはおそらくは、長くは続かないだろう。⼈間は、自分の人生に指針と意味を与えてくれる共同体に属することを切実に求めている。そして、⼀緒
に声を出しながらリズミカルに動くことは、私たちの種がこれまでに発⾒した共同体を作り、維持する最も確実で迅速で効果的な⽅法である。⾔葉や理想は重要
であり、常に呼び起こされるものだ。しかし、時間をかけて⼀緒にいることは、⾔葉だけではできない集団的連帯の温かい感情を呼び起こし、個⼈的な不満を消
し去る。⼤規模で複雑な⼈間社会は、おそらく、このような運動的な基盤がなければ、長く維持することはできないだろう。思想や理想だけでは⼗分ではないの
だ。感情も重要であり、感情は⾝振りや筋⾁による表現と不可分なのだ」(McNeill 1995:152)。
【２】
「アフリカ」詞・曲：アウレリオ・マルティネス
いつかアフリカに⾏くんだ／まだみたことがもない我らの家族に会うんだ／忘れられようか、アフリカ／我が心の⺟、⿊⼈の魂／でも、すでに忘れてしまったガ
リフナもいる／ぼくは忘れない
……「アフリカ」
英語ライナーノーツ解説：
[5] Africa, Paranda - Paranda and Ung-ung, care ceremonies which
express everyday joy and friendship (p.8)
"This song with words and music by Aurelio Martinez describes the
longing to visit Africa and encounter the true soul of the black
races." (p.11)
——ビクター「カリブ海ガリフナ族の歌声（Honduras, Songs of the Garifuna, Lita
Ariran）」VICG-5537,
1994.
Garifuna
Woman," by Rita Palacio, 2014.
I am a Garifuna Woman A precious jewel,
This is
Garifuna Woman.
Enduring the stings of racism, Suffering the pangs of sexism, Tall and
strong she stood,
As a mahogany tree would,
With majestic strength, against colonialism Determined to continue a
race;
Held solemnly to her Garifuna language Never to be left to be erased.
This is Garifuna Woman.
Dressed in her unique fashion,
The men gazed, breathless in dismay Shivering within passion .
In turbulent times, in Yurumein,
The Garifuna Woman stood by her groom, Counseling, negotiating when
needed, Carrying a child in her womb,
Bare footed the field she burned, planted and weeded. This is Garifuna
Woman.
Silently retracing the footprints Of the Garifuna Woman,
Who before her blazed The trail to liberation.
Her ancestors' work she accomplished. Evolution ! Change Dawned!
Nurse Noguera and Ola the midwife reigned Marcelina Lambey's great
lyrics flourished.
Eliza Ramos our Founder's spouse, Supported his effort with rare
courage.
And who was She? A GARIFUNA WOMAN.
As we continue the celebration of Garifuna Arts & Culture
Appreciation Month and in honor of Mother's Day, we would like to share
the following poem by Mrs. Rita Palacio. Happy Mother's Day.
- GARIFUNA WOMAN
https://myemail.constantcontact.com/Garifuna-Woman-By-Rita-Palacio---Happy-Mother-s-Day.html
Rita Palacio's Biography (写真)
Rita Palacio is an educator with extensive teaching and administrative
experience both in Belize and in the United States. Born in Dangriga,
Belize, Rita Palacio is a nurturing mother of nine children. Embracing
the colossal challenge of raising nine children and attaining higher
education, Rita Palacio pursued undergraduate and graduate education at
night while working full time during the day. Living among several
cultures of Belize, including Garifuna, Maya, Creole, and East Indian
heightened her sensitivity to ethnic differences and prepared her to
work in a multicultural
society. Having lived in a Spanish-speaking community in her formative
years, she speaks Spanish fluently in addition to her native language,
Garifuna, and English. Rita Palacio is married to Clifford J. Palacio
who is also an educator. Since the early 1970's, they migrated to Los
Angeles, California where they now reside.
From her earliest recollections, she was particularly interested in
creative writing as a hobby and received awards for excellence in
creative writing since elementary school. She was inspired as she
observed elderly Garifuna women silently playing important roles in
their community, but went almost unnoticed. From years of carefully
observing Garifuna women, she believes that there is a commonality in
generations of Garifuna women despite the differences in lifestyle.
Garifuna women of today share distinct qualities with their forbearers:
cultural leadership, persistence, resilience, and dedication to family
and cultural values. Rita Palacio considers her mother her greatest
inspiration and role model. Through her writings, she would like
to capture the complexity and multidimensional nature of the Garifuna
woman and the Garifuna culture.
Online Sources
-Rita Palacio's Biography https://www.garinet.com/main.php?module=gcms&node=gcms_front&action=get_content_detail&content_id=142&category_id=28&parent_id=224
- GARINET_Ultimate Provider of Authentic Garifuna
Information! https://www.garinet.com/
- Nalagante, Garifuna Kids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRUV81T6btQ
On "Punta Rock"
The "Punta Rock" has been created by Belizean Garifuna in the late
1970s[sic] (Anderson 2009:253 n16). But "[s]ince the mid-1980s, punta
has experienced a revitalization through it immensely popular
derivative, punta rock."(Greene 2002:190). "[P]unta, a dance song genre
that is a symbolic reenactment of the cock-and hen mating
dance."(Greene 2002:189-190)
Bibliography
- Greene, Oliver N. 2002. Ethnicity, Modernity, and
Retention in the Garifuna Punta. Black Music Research Journal , Autumn,
2002, Vol. 22, No. 2 , pp.189-216.
- Anderson, Mark. 2009. Black and
indigenous : Garifuna activism and consumer culture in Honduras.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
