医療人類学者のW.H.R.リヴァーズ（1864-1922）による1924年のフリッツ・パトリック講義「医療・呪術・宗教」についての解説 です。

Preface by G. Elliot Smith, 1924

“the four Fitz Patrick Lectures at the Royal College of Physicians of London(in 1915 and 1916)”p.v

・1910年代後半はＷＨＲリヴァースは民族誌の文献研究に勤し むようになる。この講演は、その文献研究の成果に立ったものである。

・彼は晩年の8年間（1914-1922？）は、それまでの流行の教説（言及なし、たぶん進化主義）を捨てて、文化の伝播説を支持するよう になる。実際に、第IV章はその説明に割かれている。p.vi

・1915年の秋の3カ月はMaghull Military Hospitalで戦争神経症の調査研究に従事することになるのだが、最初の２章はこの時代に執筆されている。

・兵士の神経症(psychical disabilities)が、彼をしてメラネシアの社会的／宗教的研究に向かわせた。と同時に文明史における文化伝播に関する関心を喚起したという。 p.vi-vii。それが後に、The Aimes of Ethnology(1918)とMind and Medicine(1919)[この本の第V章]へと結実する。

・原始宗教は彼らの生活を安全に保護する機能をもつが、それはしばしば誤った前提に立っているものの、合理的な推論によってなりたってい る。原始医療も同様で、宗教と医療は同じ教説の部分をなしており、それに対して呪術は独立してあった。p.vii

・リヴァース（第３章）は医療の呪術と宗教との結びつきは、異なる文化が混淆した結果だと考えていたが、これは1911年から18年までの 見解であり、晩年の４年間（1918-22）はその考えを少しづつ放棄していったという。p.viii.

・ 【章立】

Chapter I, pp.1-28

Method and Inquiry, p.1

Definition of the Social Processes, p.3

Concept of Disease by Various Peoples, p.5

Beliefs as to Causation of Disease, p.7

Disease or Injury ascribed to Magic, p.9

[1] Disease ascribed to Object of Influence Projected into Victimﾕs Body, p.12

[2] Disease attributed to Abstraction of Part of Body or Soul, p.15

[3] Magical Action on Separated part of Victimﾕs Body or Touched Object, p.18

Treatment: Magical or Religious Nature of Rites, p.25

Concrete Nature of Belief Underlying the Rites, p.26

Chapter II, pp.29-53

Processes of Diagnosis and prognosis, p.29

Disease Attributed to Interaction of Taboo, p.32

The religious Element, p.35

Religious Character aquired by Magical Process, p.37

Independent Occurrence of Disease, p.40 ★

Variety in Leechcraft, p.42

Differentiation of Leech from Priest, p.43

Epidemic Disease, p.46

Relations of Economical and Juridical Nature, p.48

The Part Played by Suggestion, p.50

Rationality of the Leechcraft, p.51 ★

Chapter III, pp.55-85

Evolution of Social Customs and Institutions, p.55

Independent Evolution, p.56

Transmission as a Factor in Human Culture, p.58

Relations of Medicine, Magic, and Religion in Various Countries, p.61

Australia, p.61

Polynesia, p.62

Indonesia, p.65

India, p.68

China and Japan, p.70

Africa, p.70

America, p.73

Similarity in View on Causation and Treatment of Disease, p.76

Consideration of Rival Views, p.77

Two Widely Differing Beliefs in causation of Disease, p.79

Remedies of the “Domestic” Order, p.81

Origine of Above Practices, p.84

Chapter IV, pp.87-117

(no title of this part)

Methods of Solving the Problems, p.88

The Importance Attached to Numbers, p.88

The Criterion of Common Distribution, p.90

Some Difficulties met with, p.91

Formulation of Guiding Principle, p,92

Factors Affecting Success of Failure of Transplanted Elements of Culture, p.92 ★

Modification of Practices after Introduction, p.96

Examples Suggested as Modification of Transmitted Practice, p.98

Blood-Letting, p.98

Massage, p.99

Sweat-Baths, p.102

Circumcision and Sub-Incision, p.103

Some Points Raised in Relation to Distribution of Customs, p.106

Scantiness of Available Evidence, p.108

History and Evolution, p.109

Complex Nature of the Process, p.110

The Influence of Cultural Mixture of Progress, p.112

The Effect on Medicine of Mixture of Cultures, p.114

The Relations between Medicine and Religion, p.115

Chapter V. Mind and Medicine. pp.119-144.

John Rylands Library in Manchester in 1919

@Bibliography:

W.H.R. Rivers. 1924. Medicine, Magic, and Religion: The Fitz Patric Lectures deliverd before The Royal College of Physicians of London in 1915 and 1916. London:Kegan Paul, Trench , Trubner.

W.H.R.Rivers 個人の解説はこちらです

Chapter I, pp.1-28
        Method and Inquiry, p.1
        Definition of the Social Processes, p.3
        Concept of Disease by Various Peoples, p.5
        Beliefs as to Causation of Disease, p.7
        Disease or Injury ascribed to Magic, p.9
        [1] Disease ascribed to Object of  Influence Projected into Victimﾕs Body, p.12
        [2] Disease attributed to Abstraction of Part of Body or Soul, p.15
        [3] Magical Action on Separated part of Victimﾕs Body or Touched Object, p.18
        Treatment: Magical or Religious Nature of Rites, p.25
        Concrete Nature of Belief Underlying the Rites, p.26
Chapter II, pp.29-53
        Processes of Diagnosis and prognosis, p.29
        Disease Attributed to Interaction of Taboo, p.32
        The religious Element, p.35
        Religious Character aquired by Magical Process, p.37
        Independent Occurrence of Disease, p.40 ★
        Variety in Leechcraft, p.42
        Differentiation of Leech from Priest, p.43
        Epidemic Disease, p.46
        Relations of Economical and Juridical Nature, p.48
        The Part Played by Suggestion, p.50
        Rationality of the Leechcraft, p.51 ★
Chapter III, pp.55-85
        Evolution of Social Customs and Institutions, p.55
        Independent Evolution, p.56
        Transmission as a Factor in Human Culture, p.58
        Relations of Medicine, Magic, and Religion in Various Countries, p.61
                Australia, p.61
                Polynesia, p.62
                Indonesia, p.65
                India, p.68
                China and Japan, p.70
                Africa, p.70
                America, p.73
        Similarity in View on Causation and Treatment of Disease, p.76
        Consideration of Rival Views, p.77
        Two Widely Differing Beliefs in causation of Disease, p.79
        Remedies of the “Domestic” Order, p.81
        Origine of Above Practices, p.84
Chapter IV, pp.87-117
        (no title of this part)
        Methods of Solving the Problems, p.88
        The Importance Attached to Numbers, p.88
        The Criterion of Common Distribution, p.90
        Some Difficulties met with, p.91
        Formulation of Guiding Principle, p,92
        Factors Affecting Success of Failure of Transplanted Elements of Culture, p.92 ★
        Modification of Practices after Introduction, p.96
        Examples Suggested as Modification of Transmitted Practice, p.98
                Blood-Letting, p.98
                Massage, p.99
                Sweat-Baths, p.102
                Circumcision and Sub-Incision, p.103
        Some Points Raised in Relation to Distribution of Customs, p.106
        Scantiness of Available Evidence, p.108
        History and Evolution, p.109
        Complex Nature of the Process, p.110
        The Influence of Cultural Mixture of Progress, p.112
        The Effect on Medicine of Mixture of Cultures, p.114
        The Relations between Medicine and Religion, p.115
Chapter V. Mind and Medicine. pp.119-144.
        John Rylands Library in Manchester in 1919
@Bibliography:


W.H.R. Rivers. 1924. Medicine, Magic, and Religion: The Fitz Patric Lectures deliverd before The Royal College of Physicians of London in 1915 and 1916. London:Kegan Paul, Trench , Trubner.