人間の情動表現の普遍性に関するダーウィンの主張（1872）

Dodo

Human universals in Expressions of emotion, Charles Darwin's thesis

I have endeavoured to show in considerable detail that all the chief expressions exhibited by man are the same throughout the world. This fact is interesting, as it affords a new argument in favour of the several races being descended from a single parent-stock, which must have been almost completely human in structure, and to a large extent in mind, before the period at which the races diverged from each other. No doubt similar structures, adapted for the same purpose, have often been independently acquired through variation and natural selection by distinct species, but this view will not explain close similarity between distinct species in a multitude of unimportant details. Now if we bear in mind the numerous points of structure having no relation to expression, in which all the races of man closely agree, and then add to them the numerous points, some of the highest importance and many of the most trifling value, on which the movements of expression directly or indirectly depend, it seems to me improbable in the highest degree that so much similarity, or rather identity of structure, could have been acquired by independent means. Yet this must have been the case if the races of man are descended from several aboriginally distinct species. It is far more probable that the many points of close similarity in the various races are due to inheritance from a single parent-form, which had already assumed a human character.(p.361)

Darwin, C. R. 1872. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London: John Murray. 1st edition.

Source: http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1142&viewtype=text&pageseq=1
ダーウィン，チャールズ『人間及び動物の表情』石川千代松訳、春秋社、1930年, p.345

■リンク

情動理解の文化人類学的基礎

Fig. 10. Cat in an affectionate frame of mind. By Mr. Wood.

Darwin, C. R. 1872. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London: John Murray. 1st edition.
Source: http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1142&viewtype=text&pageseq=1