異端審問
sancta inquisitio
異端審問
sancta inquisitio
池田光穂
異端審問とは日本語のウィキペディアでは「中世以降
のカトリック教会において正統信仰に反する教えを持つ（異端である）という疑いを受けた者を裁判するために設けられたシステム」とし「中世初期の異端審
問、スペイン異端審問、ローマの異端審問」をそれぞれ異質なものとして、分けて論じている。だが、これは司法裁判がおこなう判定のような中立的なものよう
に誤解を与える点で、カトリック教会中心の見方で、より客観的に言うと、異端審問は「異端（heresy）」と戦う真理判定手段のことで
ある。つまり、平信徒は、自分が信仰していることが、正統なものなのか、異端なものなのか「無理解」であることを前提に、教会が特定のミッションをもっ
て、異端を摘発し——その審理のプロセスで個々の異端が具体例として示される——拷問と暴力をもって「異端と称されるもの」を弾劾、排除するものである。
その意味では、伝統社会における供儀儀礼と、異端審問は同じものであり、儀礼の目的は、宗教的な意味での「浄化」である。
"Inquisitio
haereticae pravitatis sive sancta inquisitio fuit
officium mediaevale Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae ad haereticos (veros
aut tales habitos), id est eos qui contra doctrinam Catholicam
dicebant, inveniendos, accusandos, necnon damnandos. Iudices huius
tribunalis inquisitores (haereticae pravitatis) vocabantur, quibus in
causa agenda licebat tormenta adhibere. Nisi reus abiurabat, hoc est
nisi falsam dicebat opinionem suam, rogo vivus damnatabatur." -
Inquisitio haereticae pravitatis (Investigation heresye).
"The Inquisition, in historical ecclesiastical terminology also referred to as the "Holy Inquisition", was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. Torture and violence were used by the Inquisition for eliciting confessions from heretics.[1] The Inquisition started in 12th-century France to combat religious dissent, particularly among the Cathars and the Waldensians. The inquisitorial courts from this time until the mid-15th century are together known as the Medieval Inquisition. Other groups investigated during the Medieval Inquisition, which primarily took place in France and Italy, including the Spiritual Franciscans, the Hussites (followers of Jan Hus), and the Beguines. Beginning in the 1250s, inquisitors were generally chosen from members of the Dominican Order, replacing the earlier practice of using local clergy as judges.[2] During the Late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance, the scope of the Inquisition grew significantly in response to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. It expanded to other European countries,[3] resulting in the Spanish Inquisition and the Portuguese Inquisition. The Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions focused particularly on the anusim (אנוסים ;people who were forced to abandon Judaism against their will) and on Muslim converts to Catholicism. The scale of the persecution of converted Muslims and converted Jews in Spain and Portugal was the result of suspicions that they had secretly reverted to their previous religions, although both minority groups were also more numerous on the Iberian Peninsula than in other parts of Europe. During this time, Spain and Portugal operated inquisitorial courts not only in Europe, but also throughout their empires in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. This resulted in the Goa Inquisition, the Peruvian Inquisition, and the Mexican Inquisition, among others.[4] With the exception of the Papal States (教皇領), the institution of the Inquisition was abolished in the early 19th century, after the Napoleonic Wars in Europe and the Spanish American wars of independence in the Americas. The institution survived as part of the Roman Curia (ローマ教皇庁), but in 1908 it was renamed the "Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office (検邪聖省)". In 1965 it became the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (教理省).[5]"
"The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF;
Latin: Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) is the oldest among the nine
congregations of the Roman Curia, seated at the Palace of the Holy
Office in Rome. It was founded to defend the church from heresy; today,
it is the body responsible for promulgating and defending Catholic
doctrine.[1] Formerly known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the
Roman and Universal Inquisition,[a] it is informally known in many
Catholic countries as the Holy Office (Latin: Sanctum Officium), and
between 1908 and 1965 was officially known as the Supreme Sacred
Congregation of the Holy Office."- Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
●アヌシーム（anusim）とは？
anusim, אנוסים ;people who were forced to abandon Judaism against their will.
●ローマにおける異端審問（→「ガリレオ 『天文対話』（1959: 68）のシンプリシオ」）
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Copyleft, CC, Mitzub'ixi Quq Chi'j, 1996-2099
