Analysis on ideology through the Movie
Mitzub'ixi Qu'q Ch'ij
The Explanation of "Ideology" in Wikipedia English Page mentions as below...
"An ideology is a set of normative beliefs and values that a person or other entity has for non-epistemic reasons.[1] These rely on basic assumptions about reality that may or may not have any factual basis. The term is especially used to describe systems of ideas and ideals which form the basis of economic or political theories and resultant policies. In these there are tenuous causal links between policies and outcomes owing to the large numbers of variables available, so that many key assumptions have to be made.[2] In political science the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems.[3]" - #Wiki.
"Marxist view: in the Marxist economic base and superstructure model of society, base denotes the relations of production and modes of production, and superstructure denotes the dominant ideology (religious, legal, political systems). The economic base of production determines the political superstructure of a society. Ruling class-interests determine the superstructure and the nature of the justifying ideology—actions feasible because the ruling class control the means of production. For example, in a feudal mode of production, religious ideology is the most prominent aspect of the superstructure, while in capitalist formations, ideologies such as liberalism and social democracy dominate. Hence the great importance of the ideology justifying a society; it politically confuses the alienated groups of society via false consciousness./ Some explanations have been presented. György Lukács proposes ideology as a projection of the class consciousness of the ruling class. Antonio Gramsci uses cultural hegemony to explain why the working-class have a false ideological conception of what their best interests are. Marx argued that "The class which has the means of material production at its disposal has control at the same time over the means of mental production."[16]/ The Marxist formulation of "ideology as an instrument of social reproduction" is conceptually important to the sociology of knowledge,[17] viz. Karl Mannheim, Daniel Bell, and Jürgen Habermas et al. Moreover, Mannheim has developed, and progressed, from the "total" but "special" Marxist conception of ideology to a "general" and "total" ideological conception acknowledging that all ideology (including Marxism) resulted from social life, an idea developed by the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Slavoj Žižek and the earlier Frankfurt School added to the "general theory" of ideology a psychoanalytic insight that ideologies do not include only conscious, but also unconscious ideas."- #Wiki.
"Louis Althusser's ideological state apparatuses; Louis Althusser proposed both spiritual and materialistic conception of ideology, which made use of a special type of discourse: the lacunar discourse. A number of propositions, which are never untrue, suggest a number of other propositions, which are. In this way, the essence of the lacunar discourse is what is not told (but is suggested)./ For example, the statement "All are equal before the law", which is a theoretical groundwork of current legal systems, suggests that all people may be of equal worth or have equal opportunities. This is not true, for the concept of private property and power over the means of production results in some people being able to own more (much more) than others. This power disparity contradicts the claim that all share both practical worth and future opportunity equally; for example, the rich can afford better legal representation, which practically privileges them before the law./ Althusser also proffered the concept of the ideological state apparatus to explain his theory of ideology. His first thesis was "ideology has no history": while individual ideologies have histories, interleaved with the general class struggle of society, the general form of ideology is external to history.For Althusser, beliefs and ideas are the products of social practices, not the reverse. His thesis that "ideas are material" is illustrated by the "scandalous advice" of Pascal toward unbelievers: "Kneel and pray, and then you will believe." What is ultimately ideological for Althusser are not the subjective beliefs held in the conscious "minds" of human individuals, but rather discourses that produce these beliefs, the material institutions and rituals that individuals take part in without submitting it to conscious examination and so much more critical thinking."- #Wiki.
On "The Pervert's Guide to Ideology" Wiki says as blow...
"The Pervert's Guide to Ideology
is a 2012 British documentary film directed by Sophie Fiennes and
written and presented by Slovene philosopher and psychoanalytic
theorist Slavoj Žižek.[2]
It is a sequel to Fiennes's 2006 documentary The Pervert's Guide to
Cinema. Though the film follows the frameworks of its predecessor, this
time the emphasis is on ideology itself. Through psychoanalysis Žižek
explores "the mechanisms that shape what we believe and how we behave".[3]
Among the films that are explored are Full Metal Jacket and Taxi
Driver.[4] The film was released in the United States by Zeitgeist
Films in November 2013.[5]" -#Wiki.
"The mechanisms that shape what we believe and how we behave" is "Ideology" that Slavoj Žižek mentions. So we can say the "Ethics" is also a kind of ideologies that thape what we should believe and how we should behave.
Now let us talk on "Ethics for Academic Research."
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