変形文法とは「文法記述に変形操作を不可欠なものとして含む文法の意。変形の考えは，Z.ハリス（Zellig Sabbetai Harris）が早く提唱しているが，特に断らないかぎり，一般に変形文法といって N.チョムスキーによって提唱された「変形生成文法 (transformational-generative grammar, TGG/  transformational grammar, TG)」をさす。自然言語に内在する規則性を規 定するためには，文の表層構造だけの記述では不十分で，基本的な文法関係を指定する抽象的な深層 構造，およびその両者を結びつけるための変形規則が必要であるとする文法論。変形は，たとえば平叙文と質問文，能動文と受動文との間にみられる構造上の関 係を，共通の基底記号列から導く役割をもつもので，構造記述と構造変化によって定義される構造依存的な性質をもっている。変形はまた変換とも呼ばれる」ブリタニカ）

"In linguistics, transformational grammar (TG) or transformational-generative grammar (TGG) is part of the theory of generative grammar, especially of natural languages. It considers grammar to be a system of rules that generate exactly those combinations of words that form grammatical sentences in a given language and involves the use of defined operations (called transformations) to produce new sentences from existing ones. The method is commonly associated with American linguist Noam Chomsky. Transformational algebra was first introduced to general linguistics by the structural linguist Louis Hjelmslev.[1] A modification which separated discourse and semantics from syntax was subsequently made by Zellig Harris, giving rise to what became known as transformational generative grammar.[1] The full Hjelmslevian conception, in contrast, is incorporated into functional grammar.[2]"- Ttransformational grammar (TG) or transformational-generative grammar (TGG

"Generative grammar is a concept in generative linguistics, a linguistic theory that regards linguistics as the study of a hypothesised innate grammatical structure.[3] It is a biological[4] or biologistic[5] modification of structuralist theories, deriving ultimately from glossematics.[6][7][a] Generative Grammar considers grammar as a system of rules that generates exactly those combinations of words that form grammatical sentences in a given language. The difference from structural and functional models is that the object is placed into the verb phrase in generative grammar.[8][9] This purportedly cognitive structure is thought of as being a part of a universal grammar, a syntactic structure which is caused by a genetic mutation in humans.[10] Generativists have created numerous theories to make the NP VP (NP) analysis work in natural language description. That is, the subject and the verb phrase appearing as independent constituents, and the object placed within the verb phrase. A main point of interest remains in how to appropriately analyse Wh-movement and other cases where the subject appears to separate the verb from the object.[11] Although claimed by generativists as a cognitively real structure, neuroscience has found no evidence for it.[12][13] In other words, generative grammar encompasses proposed models of linguistic cognition; but as of yet there is no specific indication that these are quite correct."- Generative grammar.

資料：変形文法入門のそのまた入門；imai_transformative_grammer1975.pdf； （受動態）imai_TR_grammer_1975.pdf

リンク

• ︎チョムスキー言語学とその周辺：入門のまたその 入門▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎
  

文献

• 変 形文法のはなし / 今井邦彦著, 東京 : 大修館書店 , 1975.11
  

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