分水嶺としてのカ ント
Immanuel Kant is as Watershed in Great Western Philosophy
分水嶺としてのカ ント
Immanuel Kant is as Watershed in Great Western Philosophy
「カントはある意味では有害な影響をおよぼすことに加担した。なぜなら、形而上学に対する信仰がなくなったからだ。カントの「物自体」を、あた かもそれが制御のはたらきをする原理であるかのように、誰ひとりとして当てにすることはできないだろう」一部訳文は変えました：原佑・吉沢伝三郎訳） 「２ 哲学者、96）『生成の無垢（上）』（1994:117）
「ここで把握すべき本質的な点は、ニヒリズムは世界のキリスト教道徳的解釈の単なる否定ではなく、その帰結だということである。ニーチェにとっ て、われわれが心理状態としてのニヒリズムに至るのは、われわれがそれによって世界に意味を与えようとしてきたカテゴリーが無意味だと理解されたときであ る。これは、けっして世界が無意味だということを意味してはいない。むしろ、おそらくカントに言及することもできるだろうし、ヤコービの痕跡もかすかに認 められるだろうが、「理性のカテゴリーへの信仰がニヒリズムの原因だ」ということである。こうして、ニーチェ的観点からすれば、ニヒリズムはカントによる 形而上学批判の予期せぬ婦結である。つまり、ニヒリズムは、道徳的評価の結果なのである。私の諸価値は、もはや世界のうちに場所を持つてはいない——ヘー ゲルがばかにして「道徳的世界観」と呼ぶのは、近代のストア派のそうした自己疎外のことである（クリッチリー 2004:109）」。
| Nihilism - from
Internet Encyclopedia of Phlosophy |
Nihilism -
Wikipedia |
| Nihilism is the
belief that all values are baseless
and that nothing can be known or communicated.
It is often associated with extreme pessimism and a radical skepticism
that condemns existence. A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have
no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to
destroy. While few philosophers would claim to be nihilists, nihilism
is most often associated with Friedrich Nietzsche who argued that its
corrosive effects would eventually destroy all moral, religious, and
metaphysical convictions and precipitate the greatest crisis in human
history. In the 20th century, nihilistic themes--epistemological
failure, value destruction, and cosmic purposelessness--have
preoccupied artists, social critics, and philosophers. Mid-century, for
example, the existentialists helped popularize tenets of nihilism in
their attempts to blunt its destructive potential. By the end of the
century, existential despair as a response to nihilism gave way to an
attitude of indifference, often associated with antifoundationalism. It has been over a century now since Nietzsche explored nihilism and its implications for civilization. As he predicted, nihilism's impact on the culture and values of the 20th century has been pervasive, its apocalyptic tenor spawning a mood of gloom and a good deal of anxiety, anger, and terror. Interestingly, Nietzsche himself, a radical skeptic preoccupied with language, knowledge, and truth, anticipated many of the themes of postmodernity. It's helpful to note, then, that he believed we could--at a terrible price--eventually work through nihilism. If we survived the process of destroying all interpretations of the world, we could then perhaps discover the correct course for humankind. |
Nihilism
(/ˈnaɪ(h)ɪlɪzəm, ˈniː-/; from Latin nihil, meaning 'nothing') is the
philosophical viewpoint that suggests the
denial or lack of belief towards the reputedly meaningful aspects of
life.
Most commonly, nihilism is presented in the form of existential
nihilism, which argues that life is without objective meaning, purpose,
or intrinsic value.[1] Moral nihilists assert that there is no inherent
morality, and that accepted moral values are abstractly contrived.
Nihilism may also take epistemological, ontological, or metaphysical
forms, meaning respectively that, in some aspect, knowledge is not
possible, or reality does not actually exist. The term is sometimes used in association with anomie to explain the general mood of despair at a perceived pointlessness of existence that one may develop upon realising there are no necessary norms, rules, or laws.[2] Nihilism has also been described as conspicuous in or constitutive of certain historical periods. For example, Jean Baudrillard and others have called postmodernity a nihilistic epoch[3] and some religious theologians and figures of religious authority have asserted that postmodernity[4] and many aspects of modernity[5] represent a rejection of theism, and that such rejection of theistic doctrine entails nihilism. |
| https://www.iep.utm.edu/nihilism/ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism |
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