Google の社員たちは、ジョン・カバット・ジン（Jon Kabat-Zinn） らのマインドフルネス（mindfulness）という仏教系 の瞑想技法により、職場のストレス回避を教えられる（→「グーグル仏教［Google Buddhism］の可能性について」「ヴィパッサナー瞑想（Vipassanā）」「インサ イトメディテーション」）。これは、現代のビジネスにおいて、（これまで言われてきたような肉体労働から精神労働に労働現場の優位性が移行したのではな く、むしろ）労働現場において、（i）単純肉体労働者と、（ii）肉体＝精神労働というハイブリッド労働という２つの労働市場の切り分けが進行中であるこ とを示唆する。

このページは、マインドフルネス（mindfulness）の思想を探求するために構築されたものであるが、それ以前にまず、マインドフルネスとはなにかという単純な事実的＝真理探求から物語をはじめたい。

創始者あるいは技法の起源

"Jon Kabat-Zinn (born Jon Kabat, June 5, 1944) is an American professor emeritus of medicine and the creator of the Stress Reduction Clinic and the Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care, and Society at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. Kabat-Zinn was a student of Zen Buddhist teachers such as Philip Kapleau (1912-2004), Thich Nhat Hanh (1926- ) and Seung Sahn (1927-2004) and a founding member of Cambridge Zen Center. His practice of yoga and studies with Buddhist teachers led him to integrate their teachings with scientific findings. He teaches mindfulness, which he says can help people cope with stress, anxiety, pain, and illness. The stress reduction program created by Kabat-Zinn, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), is offered by medical centers, hospitals, and health maintenance organizations, and is described in his book Full Catastrophe Living.[3][4]"

● Jon Kabat-Zinnとmindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)

"Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is an eight-week evidence-based program that offers secular, intensive mindfulness training to assist people with stress, anxiety, depression and pain.[1][2][3] Developed at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center in the 1970s by Professor Jon Kabat-Zinn, MBSR uses a combination of mindfulness meditation, body awareness, yoga and exploration of patterns of behaviour, thinking, feeling and action.[1][4] Mindfulness can be understood as the non-judgmental acceptance and investigation of present experience, including body sensations, internal mental states, thoughts, emotions, impulses and memories, in order to reduce suffering or distress and to increase well-being.[1][5] Mindfulness meditation is a method by which attention skills are cultivated, emotional regulation is developed, as well as rumination and worry are significantly reduced.[5][6][1] During the past decades, mindfulness meditation has been the subject of more controlled clinical research, which suggests its potential beneficial effects for mental health,[7][8][9] as well as physical health.[10][11][12] While MBSR has its roots in spiritual teachings, the program itself is secular.[1] The MBSR program is described in detail in Kabat-Zinn's 1990 book Full Catastrophe Living.[1]"- mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)

● Mindfulnessとは？

"Mindfulness is the practice of purposely bringing one's attention in the present moment without judgment,[1][2][note 1][3][4] a skill one develops through meditation or other training.[2][5][6] Mindfulness derives from sati, a significant element of Buddhist traditions,[7][8] and based on Zen, Vipassanā, and Tibetan meditation techniques.[9][10][note 2] Though definitions and techniques of mindfulness are wide-ranging,[16] Buddhist traditions explain what constitutes mindfulness such as how past, present and future moments arise and cease as momentary sense impressions and mental phenomena.[7][17][18] Individuals who have contributed to the popularity of mindfulness in the modern Western context include Thích Nhất Hạnh, Herbert Benson, Jon Kabat-Zinn, Richard J. Davidson,[19][20][21] and Sam Harris."-Mindfulness.


● Jon Kabat-ZinnとFull Catastrophe Living.

”Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness is a book by Jon Kabat-Zinn, first published in 1990, which describes the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program developed at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center's Stress Reduction Clinic. In addition to describing the content and background of MBSR, Kabat-Zinn describes scientific research showing the medical benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), and lays out an approach to mind-body medicine emphasizing the depth of the interconnections between physical and mental health.[1][2] The book has been called "one of the great classics of mind/body medicine",[ペンギンブックス書肆の宣伝文句] and has been seen as a landmark in the development of the secular mindfulness movement in the United States and internationally.[4]”-Full Catastrophe Living.


●三宝教団（Sanbo-Zen International ）とPhilip Kapleau (1912-2004)

●Thich Nhat Hanh (1926- )とエンゲージド・ブッディズム（Engaged Buddhism）

●Seung Sahn (1927-2004)と the international Kwan Um School of Zen.とthe Cambridge Zen Center.

● Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)（療法）は代替医療認定（池田光穂の判断）


●マインドレスネス：マインドフルネス批判

Thomas Joinerは、Mindlessness : the corruption of mindfulness in a culture of narcissism, 2017において、マインドフルネスの現代思想を批判している。

"A contemplative practice with Buddhist roots, mindfulness is "the awareness that arises from paying attention, on purpose, in the present-moment, non-judgmentally." Practicing mindfulness can be an effective adjunct in treating psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and addiction. But have we gone too far with mindfulness? Recent books on the topic reveal a troubling corruption of mindfulness practice for commercial gain, with self-help celebrities hawking mindfulness as the next "miracle drug." Furthermore, common misunderstanding of what mindfulness really is seems to be fueled by a widespread cultural trend toward narcissism, egocentricity, and self-absorption. Thomas Joiner's Mindlessness chronicles the promising rise of mindfulness and its perhaps inevitable degradation. Giving mindfulness its full due, both as a useful philosophical vantage point and as a means to address various life challenges, Joiner mercilessly charts how narcissism has intertwined with and co-opted the practice to create a Frankenstein's monster of cultural solipsism and self-importance. He examines the dispiriting consequences for many sectors of society (e.g., mental health, education, politics) and ponders ways to mitigate, if not undo, them. Mining a rich body of research, Joiner also makes use of material from popular culture, literature, social media, and personal experience in order to expose the misuse of mindfulness and to consider how we as a society can back away from the brink, salvaging a potentially valuable technique for improving mental and physical wellbeing."- Mindlessness : the corruption of mindfulness in a culture of narcissism.


• Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview: Favor the Penguin and Fear the "Selfie"
  
• Chapter 2: Sane Mindfulness
  
• Chapter 3: Our Culture of Self-Regard: The Stare of Narcissus
  
• Chapter 4: Mindless Mindfulness: The Adam of Your Labors
  
• Chapter 5: Every Citizen a Self-Argus: Societal Consequences of Mindless Mindfulness, I
  
• Chapter 6: All Must Have Prizes: Societal Consequences of Mindless Mindfulness, II
  
• Chapter 7: Carthage Must Be Destroyed: Combating Mindless Mindfulness
  
• Chapter 8: Conclusion: Goliath Perished (In Praise of a Mindless Future)
  

リンク

• ︎スマートメディアユーザーのナルシズム化と新しい孤独の誕生（池田光穂）▶︎デジタル・ネイティブ族における孤独▶︎︎フロイト的ナルシシズムの理解▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎
  

文献

• Mindlessness : the corruption of mindfulness in a culture of narcissism  / Thomas Joiner, Oxford University Press , 2017
• Weil, Andrew and Kabat-Zinn, Jon, Meditation for optimum health, Sounds True, c2001, CD音源
• Weil, Andrew, Health and healing : the philosophy of integrative medicine. Houghton Mifflin c2004 Rev. and updated ed.
  

その他の情報

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