OEDをみると、戦略についていくつかの意味が列挙してあるが、我々の日常に膾炙しているのは、その2a と2d.d である。まず、2a のほうが 2d より古く、いわゆる古典的な軍事戦略のことである。定義と用例を以下に示す。

2a.The art of a commander-in-chief; the art of projecting and directing the larger military movements and operations of a campaign. Usually distinguished from tactics, which is the art of handling forces in battle or in the immediate presence of the enemy.

用例

1810 C. James Milit. Dict. (ed. 3) s.v., Strategy differs materially from tactic; the latter belonging only to the mechanical movement of bodies, set in motion by the former.    1825 J. A. Gilbert Expos. Princ. Milit. Comb. 11 The second combination is the art of bringing the mass of one's forces as rapidly as possible on the decisive point of the primitive line of operation, or of the accidental line. It is what is vulgarly called strategy, but strategy relates only to the mode of executing this second combination.    1827 Scott Napoleon, View Fr. Rev. xi. II. 73 A brave and excellent soldier, but with no idea of strategie [sic] or tactics, save those current during the Seven Years War.    1889 A. T. Mahan Sea Power Introd. 8 Before hostile armies or fleets are brought into contact (a word which perhaps better than any other indicates the dividing line between tactics and strategy).

次に、現在の社会科学やビジネスのなかでよく聞く意味としての「ふつうの戦略」——ハト派でも「戦略」はあるという意味での——である。定義と用例を以下に示す。

d.2.d In (theoretical) circumstances of competition or conflict, as in the theory of games, decision theory, business administration, etc., a plan for successful action based on the rationality and interdependence of the moves of the opposing participants; also transf. (see quot. 1979).

用例

1944 von Neumann & Morgenstern Theory of Games i. 44 The same arguments which forced us to consider sets of imputations instead of single imputations necessitate the abandonment of that narrow concept of ‘standard of behavior’. Actually we shall call these sets of rules the ‘strategies’ of the game.    1954 Psychol. Bull. LI. 406/2 A strategy is a set of personal rules for playing the game. For each possible first move‥, your opponent will have a possible set of responses.    1965 H. I. Ansoff Corporate Strategy vi. 118 A grand or mixed strategy is a statistical decision rule for deciding which particular pure strategy the firm should select in a particular situation.    1969 R. Farquharson Theory of Voting iv. 20 Any procedure can be represented as a game by assuming that each voter makes a plan in advance regarding the course of action he will take in every division which can arise. Any such plan may be called a ‘strategy’—the voter's set of strategies constitutes the complete range of such possible plans.    1979 Science 25 May 795/2 Gideon Louw‥laments the widespread biological use of the word ‘strategy’ because of the implication of rational choice‥but‥there is no simpler way to label possible evolutionary designs.

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Operational level of war

"In Joint U.S. military doctrine, operational art is "the cognitive approach by commanders and staffs—supported by their skill, knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgment—to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means." It correlates political needs and military power. Operational art is defined by its military-political scope, not by force size, scale of operations or degree of effort. Likewise, operational art provides theory and skills, and the operational level permits doctrinal structure and process."- Operational level of war.

ADRP 5-0, The Operation Process.

World War II operational planning map

1) Mission analysis

2) End state

リンク

• 戦略的情報とは
• ポスト真理の政治状況について
  

文献

• ADRP 5-0, The Operation Process.

その他の情報