倫理学の道具箱
Friederike Maria Beer, 1916 by Gustav Klimt, at the Tel Aviv Museum of Arts
倫理学の道具箱
Friederike Maria Beer, 1916 by Gustav Klimt, at the Tel Aviv Museum of Arts
The Ethics Toolkit provides an accessible and engaging compendium of concepts, theories, and strategies that encourage students and advanced readers to think critically about ethics so that they can engage intelligently in ethical study, thought, and debate. * Written by the authors of the popular The Philosophers' Toolkit (Blackwell, 2001); Baggini is also a renowned print and broadcast journalist, and a prolific author of popular philosophy books* Uses clear and accessible language appropriate for use both inside and beyond the classroom* Enlivened through the use of real-world and hypothetical examples* Cross-referencing of entries helps to connect and contrast ideas* Features lists of prominent ethics organizations and useful websites* Encourages readers to think critically about ethics and teaches them how to engage intelligently in ethical study, thought, and debate
Acknowledgements. INTRODUCTION. I The Grounds of Ethics. 1.1 Aesthetics. 1.2 Agency. 1.3 Authority. 1.4 Autonomy. 1.5 Care. 1.6 Character. 1.7 Conscience. 1.8 Evolution. 1.9 Finitude. 1.10 Flourishing. 1.11 Harmony. 1.12 Interest. 1.13 Intuition. 1.14 Merit. 1.15 Natural Law. 1.16 Need. 1.17 Pain and pleasure. 1.18 Revelation. 1.19 Rights. 1.20 Sympathy. 1.21 Tradition and history. II Frameworks for Ethics. 2.1 Consequentialism. 2.2 Contractarianism. 2.3 Cultural critique. 2.4 Deontological ethics. 2.5 Discourse Ethics. 2.6 Divine command. 2.7 Egoism. 2.8 Hedonism. 2.9 Naturalism. 2.10 Particularism. 2.11 Perfectionism. 2.12 Pragmatism. 2.13 Rationalism. 2.14 Relativism. 2.15 Subjectivism. 2.16 Virtue ethics. III Central Concepts in Ethics. 3.1 Absolute/Relative. 3.2 Act/Rule. 3.3 Bad/evil. 3.4 Beneficence/non-maleficence. 3.5 Cause/reason. 3.6 Cognitivism/non-cognitivism. 3.7 Commission/omission. 3.8 Consent. 3.9 Facts/values. 3.10 The Golden Mean. 3.11 Honour/shame. 3.12 Individual/collective. 3.13 Injury. 3.14 Intentions/consequences. 3.15 Internalism/externalism. 3.16 Intrinsic/instrumental Value. 3.17 Legal/moral. 3.18 Liberation/oppression. 3.19 Means/ends. 3.20 Metaethics/normative ethics. 3.21 Moral subjects/moral agents. 3.22 Prudence. 3.23 Public and private. 3.24 Stoic cosmopolitanism. IV Assessment, Judgement & Critique. 4.1 Alienation. 4.2 Authenticity. 4.3 Consistency. 4.4 Counterexamples. 4.5 Fairness. 4.6 Fallacies. 4.7 Impartiality and Objectivity. 4.8 The 'is/ought' gap. 4.9 Justice and lawfulness. 4.10 Just war theory. 4.11 Paternalism. 4.12 Proportionality. 4.13 Reflective equilibrium. 4.14 Restoration. 4.15 Sex and gender. 4.16 Speciesism. 4.17 Thought Experiments. 4.18 Universalisability. V The Limits of Ethics. 5.1 Akrasia. 5.2 Amoralism. 5.3 Bad faith and self-deception. 5.4 Casuistry and Rationalisation. 5.5 Fallenness. 5.6 False consciousness. 5.7 Free Will and Determinism. 5.8 Moral Luck. 5.9 Nihilism. 5.10 Pluralism. 5.11 Power. 5.12 Radical particularity. 5.13 Scepticism. 5.14 The Separateness of Persons. 5.15 Standpoint. 5.16 Supererogation. 5.17 Tragedy
第１章 倫理の根拠
１．美学
２．行為者性
３．権威
４．自律
５．ケア
６．性格
７．良心
８．進化
９．有限性
１０．繁栄
１１．調和
１２．利害
１３．直観
１４．実力
１５．自然法
１６．ニーズ
１７．苦と快
１８．啓示
１９．権利
２０．共感
２１．伝統と歴史
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第２章 倫理学の枠組み
１．帰結主義
２．契約主義
３．文化批判
４．義務論的倫理学
５．討議倫理学
６．神の命令
７．利己主義
８．快楽主義
９．自然主義
１０．個別主義
１１．卓越主義
１２．プラグマティズム
１３．合理主義
１４．相対主義
１５．主観主義
１６．徳倫理学
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第３章 倫理学の主要概念
１．絶対的と相対的
２．行為とルール
３．悪と邪悪
４．善行と無危害
５．原因と理由
６．認知説と非認知説
７．作為と不作為
８．同意
９．事実と価値
１０．中庸
１１．名誉と恥
１２．個人と集団
１３．加害
１４．意図と結果
１５．内在主義と外在主義
１６．本来的価値と道具的価値
１７．法的と道徳的
１８．解放と抑圧
１９．手段と目的
２０．メタ倫理学と規範倫理学
２１．道徳的主体と道徳的行為者
２２．思慮
２３．公共的と私的
２４．ストア学派のコスモポリタニズム
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第４章 評価・判断・批判
１．疎外
２．ほんもの
３．無矛盾性
４．反例
５．フェア
６．誤謬
７．公平性と客観性
８．「である」と「であるべし」のギャップ
９．正義と適法
１０．正戦論
１１．パターナリズム
１２．比例原則
１３．反照的均衡
１４．修復
１５．セックスとジェンダー
１６．種差別
１７．思考実験
１８．普遍化可能性
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第５章 倫理学の限界
１．アクラシア
２．没道徳主義
３．ふたつの自己欺瞞
４．決疑論と合理化
５．堕落
６．虚偽意識
７．自由意思と決定論
８．道徳運
９．ニヒリズム
１０．多元論
１１．権力
１２．根源的個体性
１３．人格の個別性
１４．懐疑論
１５．スタンドポイント
１６．義務以上の行為
１７．悲劇
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