History as a Continuous Process
持続的過程としての歴史以下の文章は、マルクスのドイツ・イデオロギー （1845）の第一部「フォイエルバッハ」による解説の一節である。
In history up to the
present it is certainly an empirical fact that separate individuals
have, with the broadening of their activity into world-historical
activity, become more and more enslaved under a power alien to them (a
pressure which they have conceived of as a dirty trick on the part of
the so-called universal spirit, etc.), a power which has become more
and more enormous and, in the last instance, turns out to be the world
market. But it is just as empirically established that, by the
overthrow of the existing state of society by the communist revolution
(of which more below) and the abolition of private property which is
identical with it, this power, which so baffles the German
theoreticians, will be dissolved; and that then the liberation of each
single individual will be accomplished in the measure in which history
becomes transformed into world history. From the above it is clear that
the real intellectual wealth of the individual depends entirely on the
wealth of his real connections. Only then will the separate individuals
be liberated from the various national and local barriers, be brought
into practical connection with the material and intellectual production
of the whole world and be put in a position to acquire the capacity to
enjoy this all-sided production of the whole earth (the creations of
man). All-round dependence, this natural form of the world-historical
co-operation of individuals, will be transformed by this communist
revolution into the control and conscious mastery of these powers,
which, born of the action of men on one another, have till now overawed
and governed men as powers completely alien to them. Now this view can
be expressed again in speculative-idealistic, i.e. fantastic, terms as
“self-generation of the species” (“society as the subject”), and
thereby the consecutive series of interrelated individuals connected
with each other can be conceived as a single individual, which
accomplishes the mystery of generating itself. It is clear here that
individuals certainly make one another, physically and mentally, but do
not make themselves. - German
Ideology, 1845
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