Silentiarius and social immunity system
はじめによんでください
シレンティアリウスと免疫
Silentiarius and social immunity system
シレンティアリウス（Silentiarius） は、ローマ帝国時代に存在した特殊な役割を帯びた奴隷（の役職）にもとづく役割のことで、人々が実践状況で規則を守るべきときに、取り締まる役割のことで ある。シレンシアとは沈黙のことであり、人称化した接辞がついて、静かにさせる人という意味になるらしい。
Silentiarius,
Hellenized to silentiarios (Greek: σιλεντιάριος) and Anglicized to
silentiary, was the Latin title given to a class of courtiers in the
Byzantine imperial court, responsible for order and silence (Latin:
silentium) in the Great Palace of Constantinople. In the middle
Byzantine period (8th–11th centuries), it was transformed into an
honorific court title. - Silentiarius,
wikipedia
シレンティアリウスの存在で重要なことは、人々が社 会的秩序を守るために、すでに規則ひいてはその道徳を内面化しており、奴隷の身分であるシレン ティアリウスの指示に素直に従うという行動原則が確立しているということなのである。人々は、力があったり、恐い人、あるいは権力や暴力的パワーをもつ人 から命令されるから、人は秩序を守っているわけではない。また、そのような命令やそれを守らす権威がなければ、人々は簡単にカオス状態になってしまうの だ、と いう考えも［完全に］正しいとは言えないことを教えてくれるからである。
「ある状況できびしい規制（あるいはゆるやかな規制 が規則正しく繰り返される時に、その状況で規範的安定性がみられるのは、公式あるいは非公式的に「秩序」を守る使命をおびた監視人の存在があったからであ る。すなわち、ローマ帝国時代にはシレンティアリウス（Silentiarius）と呼ばれる奴隷がいて、他の奴隷がたてる騒音を規制して いたという。現代では、社交界のシャペロン*、競技の審判、保育園の保育士、裁判官、警官、病棟の看護師、劇場の案内係がこの機能を果たす」（ゴッフマン 1980:224、訳文は変えた：Goffman 1963:210）。
*シャペロン（chaperon または chaperone）とは、高貴な若い女性が社交界にデビューする時に、付き添う年上の女性のことである。
"A chaperone (also spelled chaperon) in its original social usage was a person who for propriety's sake accompanied an unmarried girl in public: usually she was an older married woman, and most commonly the girl's own mother... English-speaking cultures supposed, perhaps correctly, that the institution was particularly strict in southern Europe, especially in Spain, to which they attributed the word duenna, a misspelling of the Spanish word "dueña"". - chaperone
Mrs. Chambers (chaperone),
Bonnie Mealing, Clare Dennis, Frances Bult, Eileen Wearne, Thelma Kench
(N.Z. sprinter) at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California,
USA.
したがって、シレンティアリウス（Silentiarius）は、社会における免疫機能のようなもので、あり、現在なら、差し詰 め、大学の講義室で私語をとりしまってくれるティーチング・アシスタント（TA）のような存在なのである。
●生物の免疫系のシステムを以下の文面と修辞を、社会的に読み込んでみよう（課題）
"The immune system is a network of biological processes that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, as well as cancer cells and objects such as wood splinters, distinguishing them from the organism's own healthy tissue. Many species have two major subsystems of the immune system. The innate immune system provides a preconfigured response to broad groups of situations and stimuli. The adaptive immune system provides a tailored response to each stimulus by learning to recognize molecules it has previously encountered. Both use molecules and cells to perform their functions. Nearly all organisms have some kind of immune system. Bacteria have a rudimentary immune system in the form of enzymes that protect against virus infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient plants and animals and remain in their modern descendants. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt to recognize pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates an immunological memory leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Dysfunction of the immune system can cause autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. Autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system."- immune system.
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Copyleft, CC, Mitzub'ixi Quq Chi'j, 1996-2099
