デジタル・ラッダイト
Cyber-Luddite or Introducing to Digital
Ludditist
The Cyber Luddite
デジタル・ラッダイト
Cyber-Luddite or Introducing to Digital
Ludditist
The Cyber Luddite
デジタル・ラッダイトとは、別名サイバー・ラッダイトのことである
AIやロボット脅威論の古典は、それらの発達により、労働者の雇用が失われるという恐怖からであった。古くは、ラッダイト運動（Luddite）。 ただし、これは「無知な労働者」たちが、仕事を奪われる恐怖からおこした「原始的な反応」と歴史的には、分がわるい原初的抵抗運動の地位に留まっている。 で も、今日の政府は、Society5.0の到来により、古典的な意味での労働は不要になり、余暇時間が大幅に増えより豊かな社会が到来すると喧伝してい る。もちろん、根拠がない妄想と言えばそれまでだが、誰もが批判し、（抵抗の）声をあげない理由は、日本の労働者の多くは、自らのアイデンティティの多く を労働者というよりも消費者であると位置付けているからであろう（→「若者と労働」P.ウィリス『ハマータウンの野郎ども』Learningto labour : how working class kids get working class jobs）。
だとすれば、21世紀のプレカリアートがおこなうべ
き、最初のリアクションはデジタル・ラッダイト（digital
Luddite）ではないか？またそのような、無益な抵抗の後に必ず生じるのは、デジタル・リボリューションではないのか？-
"Neo-Luddism is a leaderless movement of non-affiliated groups who
resist modern technologies and dictate a return of some or all
technologies to a more primitive level.[Sale, Kirkpatrick, America’s
new Luddites. ] Neo-Luddites are characterized by one or more of the
following practices: passively abandoning the use of technology,
harming those who produce technology harmful to the environment,
advocating simple living, or sabotaging technology. The modern
neo-Luddite movement has connections with the anti-globalization
movement, anti-science movement, anarcho-primitivism, radical
environmentalism, and deep ecology" - Neo-Luddism
ラッダイト,Luddites（ブリタニカの記述） 「産業革命期のイギリスで起こった機械破壊運動。指導者が「キング・ラッド」と呼ばれたところから，この名称が生じた。機械の導入が織物工業の手工業職人 に失業の脅威を与えたため，1811年末ノッティンガムとその周辺で靴下とレースの編み機を破壊して，労賃の低下と安価な機械製品に反対する組織的暴動が 勃発，翌1812年春にかけて中・北部諸州に広がった。リバプール政権の厳しい規制によって，1813 年ヨークにおける大量裁判の結果，多数の参加者が絞首刑あるいは流刑に処せられ，運動は鎮圧された。1816年再びノッティンガムを中心に暴動が起こり， 全国に波及したが，これも鎮圧された」
"HISTORICALLY, Luddites flourished in Britain from about 1811 to 1816. They were bands of men, organized, masked, anonymous, whose object was to destroy machinery used mostly in the textile industry. They swore allegiance not to any British king but to their own King Ludd. It isn't clear whether they called themselves Luddites, although they were so termed by both friends and enemies. C. P. Snow's use of the word was clearly polemical, wishing to imply an irrational fear and hatred of science and technology. Luddites had, in this view, come to be imagined as the counterrevolutionaries of that ''Industrial Revolution'' which their modern versions have ''never tried, wanted, or been able to understand.''/ But the Industrial Revolution was not, like the American and French Revolutions of about the same period, a violent struggle with a beginning, middle and end. It was smoother, less conclusive, more like an accelerated passage in a long evolution. The phrase was first popularized a hundred years ago by the historian Arnold Toynbee, and has had its share of revisionist attention, lately in the July 1984 Scientific American. Here, in ''Medieval Roots of the Industrial Revolution,'' Terry S. Reynolds suggests that the early role of the steam engine (1765) may have been overdramatized. Far from being revolutionary, much of the machinery that steam was coming to drive had already long been in place, having in fact been driven by water power since the Middle Ages. Nevertheless, the idea of a technosocial ''revolution,'' in which the same people came out on top as in France and America, has proven of use to many over the years, not least to those who, like C. P. Snow, have thought that in ''Luddite'' they have discovered a way to call those with whom they disagree both politically reactionary and anti-capitalist at the same time."
"THE word ''Luddite''
continues to be applied with contempt to anyone with doubts about
technology, especially the nuclear kind. Luddites today are no longer
faced with human factory owners and vulnerable machines. As well-known
President and unintentional Luddite D. D. Eisenhower prophesied when he
left office, there is now a permanent power establishment of admirals,
generals and corporate CEO's, up against whom us average poor bastards
are completely outclassed, although Ike didn't put it quite that way.
We are all supposed to keep tranquil and allow it to go on, even
though, because of the data revolution, it becomes every day less
possible to fool any of the people any of the time. If our world
survives, the next great challenge to watch out for will come - you
heard it here first - when the curves of research and development in
artificial intelligence, molecular biology and robotics all converge.
Oboy. It will be amazing and unpredictable, and even the biggest of
brass, let us devoutly hope, are going to be caught flat-footed. It is
certainly something for all good Luddites to look forward to if, God
willing, we should live so long. Meantime, as Americans, we can take
comfort, however minimal and cold, from Lord Byron's mischievously
improvised song, in which he, like other observers of the time, saw
clear identification between the first Luddites and our own
revolutionary origins. It begins:
As the Liberty lads o'er the sea
Bought their freedom, and cheaply, with blood,
So we, boys, we
Will die fighting, or live free,
And down with all kings but King Ludd!" - Is It O.K. To Be A Luddite? by
THOMAS PYNCHON, October 28, 1984
Luddites smashing a power loom in 1812 and Cat Luddite in modern age.
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