医療人類学の誕生:批判的アプローチ
Birth
of Critical Medical Anthropology
医療人類学の誕生:批判的アプローチ
クレジット:医療人類学入門2008. 池田光穂 2008年5月13日の授業より
◎ 医療人類学とはなにか?
◎ さまざまな医学
◎ 健康と病気をめぐる学際研究
◎ 民族医学の教訓
◎ 民族医学の確立
◎ 価値の相対性への気づき
◎ 非西洋社会への医療の導入
◎ 健康転換[→健康転換]
◎ 治療神話への疑問
・Therapeutic Myth とは(→文化人類学における2つの神話概念)
・神話の偶像破壊=イコノクラストに貢献した人たち
◎ 医療人類学の誕生
◎ 文化の理解
◎ 単純な事実と複雑な分析視点
◎ 視点をずらす——臓器移植の通文化比較
◎ 医療界の吟遊詩人になる
◎ ︎▶医療人類学入門2008︎▶2020 医療人類学入門(異文化理解)︎︎▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶︎︎▶︎▶
●附録:1970年代以降の行動医学について
解説
"Behavioral
Medicine is an interdisciplinary field combining
both medicine and psychology and is concerned with the integration of
knowledge in the biological, behavioral, psychological, and social
sciences relevant to health and illness. These sciences include
epidemiology, anthropology, sociology, psychology, physiology,
pharmacology, nutrition, neuroanatomy, endocrinology, and
immunology.[1] The term is often used interchangeably, and incorrectly,
with health psychology.[citation needed]. The practice of behavioral
medicine encompasses health psychology, but also includes applied
psychophysiological therapies such as biofeedback, hypnosis, and
bio-behavioral therapy of physical disorders, aspects of occupational
therapy, rehabilitation medicine, and physiatry, as well as preventive
medicine. In contrast, health psychology represents a stronger emphasis
specifically on psychology's role in both behavioral medicine and
behavioral health.[2] This topic must also be distinguished from
behavioral health, which focuses on prevention of disease, whereas
behavioral medicine emphasizes remediation and healing of illness.
Behavioral medicine is especially relevant in the United States, where
many of the health problems are primarily viewed as behavioral in
nature, as opposed to medical. For example, smoking, leading a
sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol abuse or other substance abuse are all
factors in the leading causes of death in the United States.
Practitioners of behavioral medicine include appropriately qualified
nurses, social workers, psychologists, and physicians (including
medical students and residents), and these professionals often act as
behavioral change agents, even in their medical roles. Behavioral
medicine uses the biopsychosocial model of illness instead of the
medical model.[3] This model incorporates biological, psychological,
and social elements into its approach to disease instead of relying
only on a biological deviation from the standard or normal
functioning." - Wikipedia, Behavioral
Medicine
歴史
"In the form in which it is generally understood today, the field dates back to the 1970s. The earliest uses of the term were in the title of a book by Lee Birk (Biofeedback: Behavioral Medicine), published in 1973; and in the names of two clinical research units, the Center for Behavioral Medicine, founded by Ovide F. Pomerleau and John Paul Brady at the University of Pennsylvania in 1973, and the Laboratory for the Study of Behavioral Medicine, founded by William Stewart Agras at Stanford University in 1974. Subsequently the field burgeoned, and inquiry into behavioral, physiological, and biochemical interactions with health and illness gained prominence under the rubric of behavioral medicine. In 1976, in recognition of this trend, the National Institutes of Health created the Behavioral Medicine Study Section to encourage and facilitate collaborative research across disciplines. The 1977 Yale Conference on Behavioral Medicine and a meeting of the National Academy of Sciences were explicitly aimed at defining and delineating the field in the hopes of helping to guide future research.[2] Based on deliberations at the Yale conference, Schwartz and Weiss proposed the biopsychosocial model, emphasizing the new field's interdisciplinary roots and calling for the integration of knowledge and techniques broadly derived from behavioral and biomedical science.[4] Shortly after, Pomerleau and Brady published a book entitled Behavioral Medicine: Theory and Practice,[5] in which they offered an alternative definition focusing more closely on the particular contribution of the experimental analysis of behavior in shaping the field. Additional developments during this period of growth and ferment included the establishment of learned societies (the Society of Behavioral Medicine and the Academy of Behavioral Medicine Research, both in 1978) and of journals (the Journal of Behavioral Medicine in 1977 and the Annals of Behavioral Medicine in 1979). In 1990, at the International Congress of Behavioral Medicine in Sweden, the International Society of Behavioral Medicine was founded to provide, through its many daughter societies and through its own peer-reviewed journal (the International Journal of Behavioral Medicine), an international focus for professional and academic development.[6]" - Wikipedia, Behavioral Medicine
●有益なリンク
◎文献
◎その他の情報